Nature of Non-communicable diseases

• Disease - prevents the mind or body to function properly
• Pathology - study of diseases
• Etiology - the cause of the disease, the understanding of the mechanics of it development.
• Pathogenesis - the structural changes
• Morphological changes - the functional consequences
• Communicable Disease - can be transmitted in several ways, caused by pathogens.
• Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) - not contagious, chronic conditions that develop over time due to lifestyle choices and environmental factors.
• Cancer - cause by abnormal cells growing without control
• Surgery - surgically removing the cancer from the body
• Chemotherapy - utilizes chemicals that interfere with the cell division process of cancer cells.
• Radiation Therapy - destroys cancer by focusing high-energy rays on the cancer cell
• Immunotherapy - aims to get the body's immune system to fight the tumor.
• Targeted Therapy - a cancer treatment that uses drugs.
• Hormone Therapy - designed to alter hormone production in the body so that cancer cells stop growing or are killed completely
• Diabetes - the body produces little or no insulin at all
• Type 1 Diabetes

  • juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes
  • chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
• Type 2 Diabetes

  • the body becomes resistant to the normal effects of insulin or gradually loses the capacity to produce enough insulin in the pancreas.
  • most common form
• Kidney or Renal Failure

  • also known as end-stage kidney disease
  • the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste product from the blood.
• Dialysis - filters and purifies the blood using a machine
• Kidney Transplant - surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a donor into a person whose kidneys no long function properly.