EXCEL

• Formulas in Microsoft Excel

  Begin with an equal sign, which tells Excel that the succeeding characters constitute a formula
• If you don't enter the equal sign, Excel will treat your entry as text and the calculation will fail
• Entering formulas

  Using the point mode, where you either click on a cell with your left mouse button or you use the arrow keys
• Functions

  Pre-defined formulas that come with Excel
• Functions


  • After the equal sign, you supply the cell addresses, but not the arithmetic operators
  • Functions perform calculations by using specific values, called arguments, in a particular order called syntax
• Using a function

  1. Use an equal sign to begin the function

  2. Specify the function name

  3. Enclose all of the function's arguments within parentheses

  4. Use a comma to separate the function's individual arguments
• Reference Operators


  It refers to a cell or group of cells
• Two main types of reference operators

  • Range
  • Union
• Spreadsheet


  A program that displays data (text & numbers) in a table called a worksheet

  
• Range


  Refers to all of the cells between and including the reference, consists of two cell addresses separated by a COLON
• Uses of spreadsheet

  • Prepare budgets
  • Financial statements
  • Inventory management
  • Create charts

  
• Range


  • A1:A3 - includes cells from A1, A2 and A3
  • A1:C3 - includes cells from A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3
• Three most important components of Excel


  • Cell
  • Worksheet
  • Workbook
• Union


  Includes two or more references, consists of two or more cell addresses separated by a COMMA
• Union


  • A7,B8,C9 refers to cells A7, B8 and C9
  • A7,B8:D9,E4 refers to cells A7, B8, B9, C8, C9, D8, D9 and E4
• Cell


  The smallest but most powerful part of a spreadsheet. Data can be a text, a number, or a date. Every cell is identified by its cell address, cell address contains its column letter and row number.
• Worksheet


  A worksheet is made up of individual cells which can contain a value, a formula, or text. Each worksheet in a workbook is accessible by clicking the tab at the bottom of the workbook window.
• Workbook


  A workbook is a separate file just like every other application has. Each workbook contains one or more worksheets. You can add or delete worksheets, hide them within the workbook without deleting them, and change the order of your worksheets within the workbook.
• Functions vs Formulas


  Functions can be a more efficient way of performing mathematical operations than formulas
• Microsoft Excel Window Components

  • Active Cell
  • Column
  • Row
  • Fill Handle
  • Address Bar
  • Formula Bar
  • Title Bar
  • File Menu
  • Quick Access Toolbar
  • Ribbon Tabs
  • Worksheet tab
  • Status Bar
• Active Cell


  A cell that is currently selected. It will be highlighted by a rectangular box and its address will be shown in the address bar. You can activate a cell by clicking on it or by using your arrow buttons. To edit a cell, you double-click on it or use F2 as well.
• Column


  A vertical set of cells. Every column has its own alphabet for identity, from A to XFD. You can select a column by clicking on its header.
• Row


  A horizontal set of cells. Every row has its own number for identity, starting from 1 to 1,048,576. You can select a row by clicking on the row number marked on the left side of the window.
• Fill Handle


  A small dot present in the lower right corner of the active cell. It helps you to fill numeric values, text series, insert ranges, insert serial numbers, etc.
• Address Bar


  It shows the address of the active cell. If you have selected more than one cell, then it will show the address of the first cell in the range.
• Formula Bar


  It is an input bar, below the ribbon. It shows the content of the active cell, and you can also use it to enter a formula in a cell.
• Title Bar


  It will show the name of your workbook, followed by the application name ("Microsoft Excel").
• File Menu


  It is a simple menu like all other applications. It contains options like (Save, Save As, Open, New, Print, Excel Options, Share, etc).
• Quick Access Toolbar


  A toolbar to quickly access the options which you frequently use. You can add your favorite options by adding new options to the quick access toolbar.
• Ribbon Tabs


  A bunch of specific option group which further contains the option.
• Worksheet Tab


  This tab shows all the worksheets which are present in the workbook. By default, you will see, three worksheets in your new workbook with the names Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3 respectively.
• Status Bar


  It is a thin bar at the bottom of the Excel window. It will give you instant help once you start working in Excel.
• Operation Symbols


  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (-)
  • Multiplication (*)
  • Division (/)
• Keying a formula

  Combine numbers, cell addresses (references), Operation symbols and/or functions
• Example formula: =4 + 5; =B1 * B2
• Order of Operations


  • Parentheses
  • Exponents
  • Multiplication
  • Division
  • Addition
  • Subtraction
• Order of Operations Examples

  • Formula: =5+2*7 Result: 19
  • Formula: =(5+2)*7 Result: 49