Health education - should be viewed within thechanging context of health and disease; withinthe changing health picture where lifestyles playan important role and within the accepteddefinition of health.
“Educe” Latin for “to lead out”
Leading out what people already “know” and “believe” and do about their health; modifying those that are undesirable, and developing desirable behaviors that are conducive to health.
Comprises of consciously constructedopportunities for learning involving some formof communication designed to improve healthliteracy including improving knowledge, anddevelopinglifeskills which are conducive toindividual and community health.
Health Literacy - Capacity of an individual to obtain, interpret,and understand basic health information andservices and the competence to use suchinformation and services in ways that are healthenhancing
Health Literacy: Fundamentalliteracy/numeracy,Science and Technology, Community/civicliteracy, Culturalliteracy
FUNDAMENTAL LITERACY/NUMERACY - Competence in understanding and usingprinted language, spoken language, numerals,and basic mathematical symbols or terms.
Involved in a wide range of cognitive, behavioral,and socialskills and abilities.
LITERACY PERTAINING TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Understanding of the basic scientific andtechnological concepts, technical complexity,the phenomenon of scientific uncertainty, andthe phenomenon of rapid change.
COMMUNITY/CIVIC LITERACY - Understanding about sources of information, agenda, and methods of interpreting those agenda.
Enables people to engage in dialog and decision making; includesmedia interpretationskills and understandingof civic and legislative functions.
CULTURAL LITERACY - Understanding of collective beliefs, customs, worldviews, and social identify relationships tointerpret and produce health information.
HEALTH PROMOTION− Any planned combination of educational,political, regulatory and organizational supportsfor actions and conditions of living conducive tothe health of individuals, groups orcommunities (Green and Kreuter, 2005).
Process of enabling people to increase controlover the determinants of health and therebyimprove their health(WorldHealthOrganization, 1998).
PSYCHO-SOCIAL FOUNDATION: Psychology, Anthropology, Sociology, Political Science
DEVELOP HEALTHY PUBLIC POLICY - Healthy public policy is characterized by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy, and by an accountability for health impact.
CREATE SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENTS - Supportive environments for health offer people protection from threats to health, and enable people to expand their capabilities and develop self-reliance in health
Encompass where people live, their local community, theirhome, wheretheywork and play, including access to resources for health ,and opportunities for empowerment
STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY ACTION - Community action for health refers to collective efforts by communities which are directed towards increasing control over the determinants of health.
Individuals and organizations apply their skills and resources in collective efforts to address health priorities and meet their respectivehealth needs.
DEVELOP PERSONALSKILLS - Life skills are fundamental building blocks for the development of personal skills.
Consist of personal, interpersonal, cognitiveand physicalskills.
REORIENT HEALTH SERVICES - Characterized by a more explicit concern for the achievement of population health outcomes in the ways in which the health system is organized and funded.
Reorientation must lead to a change of attitude and organization of healthservices, which focuses on the needs of the individual as a whole person, balanced against the needs of population groups.
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES/METHODS: According to focus, Use ofBehavioral theories, According to target factors
Focus on the individual: The origin of health education/promotion, Usually utilized forpurposes of secondary and tertiary prevention
Focus on groups: Utilized for a number of persons present in one setting at the same time, Appropriate for the purposes of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs
Focus on whole population: Most of the time utilize mass media to maximize coverage of the target populations, Very cost – effective for the purposes of empowerment and for primary prevention
Pre-contemplation - A condition in which people are not thinking about change or have expressed no interest in change.
Contemplation - The period in which people are seriously thinking about the behavior change.
Preparation and Action - Period when an effort to try the behavior change is undertaken.
Confirmation - The period when people can now maintain the new behavior.
Pre-contemplation: Create awareness and interest
Contemplation: Change values
Preparation and action: Create opportunity for action