ENGLISH

• Commonly used patterns in writing

  • General to particular
  • Claim and counterclaim
  • Problem-solution
  • Cause and effect
• General to particular pattern

  Writers use this pattern to examine a general topic by using specific details. The purpose is to develop a topic that readers can relate to by using detailed examples.
• Expressions to show general to particular pattern


  • to illustrate
  • first
  • second
  • as an example
  • in addition to
  • third
  • for example
  • next
  • for instance
  • last
  • that is
  • thus
  • such as
  • including
  • typically
• General to particular


  • Practicing self-care matters, especially when things seem to move fast. As an example, exercising has been proven to relieve stress.
  • In addition to that, reading a book, going outdoors once in a while, and eating fruits and vegetables are other simple ways of prioritizing oneself.
• Claim and counterclaim pattern


  Writers use this pattern to describe certain issues or topics to assert their stand and opinions.
• Expressions to show claim and counterclaim patterns


  • while
  • although
  • on the other hand
  • in fact
  • by contrast
  • in contrast
  • however
  • in spite of
  • it is found that
  • on the contrary
  • but
  • yet
  • despite of
  • with respect to
  • in comparison
• Claim and counterclaim


  • The quarantine lockdown has brought about much stress on everyone
  • However, it has also given us time to think about what matters most in life
  • In spite of all the stresses the pandemic has brought, we have learned to give importance to ourselves. In fact, the pursuit of health and happiness is a takeaway from the misfortunes of 2020.
• Problem-solution pattern


  Writers use this pattern to present a problem and its possible solutions.
• Expressions to show problem-solution pattern

  • because
  • since
  • in order to
  • the question is
  • one answer is
• Problem-solution


  • In order to achieve self-care, you must be able to strike a balance between the activities that work for you.
  • Know the things that set you off and avoid the things that stress you so that you can control yourself more.
• Cause and effect pattern

  Cause-and-effect relationships determine the reason for the existence of the condition and its consequences or outcomes.
• Expressions to show cause-effect relationships

  • as a consequence, consequently
  • as a result, leads to
  • if
  • one of the effects is
  • then, that is why
  • for this reason
  • hence, therefore
  • so, thus
  • due to
  • because, because of
  • owing to
  • since
  • one cause
  • for
  • resulted from
• Cause and effect

  • Many people neglect the importance of self-care. As a result, their physical and mental health are tremendously compromised.
  • Positive feelings, improved self-confidence, and better self-esteem are due to maintaining a healthy relationship with yourself.
• the main point is the most important thing to be discussed or explained
• Brainstorming


  A prewriting strategy to generate ideas when experiencing difficulty
• Outline


  A framework used to present the main and supporting ideas of a subject matter, indicating the order and relationships of ideas
• Outlining


  • Helps generate ideas, organize thoughts, and save time in writing
• Writing an effective outline

  1. Choose a topic

  2. Determine the purpose of writing

  3. Research about the topic

  4. Develop the main idea/s

  5. Support the main ideas

  6. Organize ideas in an appropriate structure

  7. Review and revise the outline
• Thesis statement


  The main idea of the essay, summarizing the stand on the issue, main points, and their order
• Supporting details


  Useful information to elaborate and expand on the main points, strengthening the credibility of the paper (e.g. examples, explanations, descriptions, experiences)
• When writing main points and supporting details in an outline, observe parallelism (e.g. if first supporting detail starts with a verb, succeeding ones should also)</b>
• Creating an outline


  • Helps generate ideas, highlight important ideas, organize key points and essential information for writing
• Main idea/s


  The central focus or argument of the essay
• Elaborating on ideas


  1. Identifying main points in the form of reasons, points of comparison, categories or types, solutions, or effects

  2. Expanding on main points using primary and secondary source data
• Supporting main ideas


  Providing details and evidence from research to support the main points
• Organizing ideas


  Structuring the essay using an outline with a thesis statement and supporting details
• Thesis statement


  The main idea of the essay that summarizes the stand on the issue, the main points, and the order in which they appear
• The basic format of an outline is an alternating series of numbers and letters indented according to the level of importance
• The important elements in outlining are the thesis statement and the supporting details