UTS

• Philosophy


  Love of wisdom and the search for truth
• Philosophers


  Men who were concerned with the search for truth
• Self


  The whole man but taken in totality, imbued with reason, free will, and responsibility. This man when fully developed becomes man, a many splendored creation through Philosophy
• Components unified and harmonized in the Self

  • Physical
  • Intellectual
  • Moral
  • Social
  • Political
  • Religious
  • Aesthetic
  • Sensual
  • Sexual
  • Economics
• Socratic Method

  A method of inquiry by answering questions with another question
• Two processes of Socratic Method

  • Ironic process - to make the seeker of knowledge, clear his mind for action. It removes from his mind prejudice and leads to the humble and sincere confession of ignorance
  • Maieutic process - draws truth out of one's mind which is done by means of dialogue or conversation
• Virtue


  Knowledge, because all living things aim for their perceived good, and if anyone does not know what is good, he cannot do what is good
• Plato's Theory of Idealism


  Man in his present earthly existence, is just an imperfect copy of his real original self–the perfect man in the areas of ideas. By knowing and continuously recalling his former self and his perfection, and by constant recollection and imitation of his ideal example of the practice of virtue man can regain his perfection which he lost during his earthly life
• Three faculties of the soul

  • Reason - intellect and will
  • Passion - emotion
  • Appetite - base desires; eating, drinking, sleeping, and having sex
• Soul


  The essence of man. What makes a man, a man. It is imprisoned in a body or soma
• Moral Obligation


  The requirement to pursue what we believe is right and act accordingly
• Confucian Thought


  Family is the basis of ideal government and there should be a strong solidarity among the family members. Children should respect their parents and other elders. Man must have virtues of kindness, uprightness, decorum, decency, wisdom, faithfulness, and the Golden Rule "Do unto others what you would want others do unto you"
• St. Augustine's Philosophy of Man

  A wicked life is a constant turning away from means to love oneself and never do any harm to others. Ethics are rightfully intertwined together with love and justice as the two fundamental rules of man, as well as social ethics
• Rene Descartes


  "I THINK THEREFORE I AM" (cognito ergo sum) - a person's existence depended on how he perceives himself
• John Locke


  The human mind at birth is a blank paper or tabula rasa. Experiences make their imprint on this blank paper
• Schemas


  Mental concepts by which one organizes one's world
• Spotlight Effect


  Phenomenon where people tend to overestimate how much others notice aspects of one's appearance or behavior, causing social anxiety
• Feral Children


  • Wild boy of Veyron, Anna, Isabella, Genie
• Looking Glass Self


  People change or develop their respective concept of self as they engage in social interaction, basing their sense of self on how they believe others view them
• Self-Esteem


  The belief that one is good and valuable to others
• Personal Efficacy


  The belief that one can rise above obstacles or challenges and eventually achieve one's goal
• George Herbert Mead's Theory of Social Behaviorism


  Self is the product of social experience; it is not part of the body and does not exist at the time of birth. Self develops as one interacts with others. Social experience is the exchange of symbols. By taking the role of another, a person becomes self-aware. The self has two parts: the active and spontaneous "I", and the "me" which is how one imagines oneself as perceived by others
• Three stages of self-development in children


  • Preparatory stage - Initial 2 years, infants respond only through imitation. No self yet is developed
  • Play stage - About age 3, children begin to take the roles of significant others and internalize their values and attitudes
  • Game stage - Children play the roles of the generalized others, the people who do not have close relationship with the children but influence the children's internalization of values in society
• Dramaturgical Analysis


  People in their everyday life are very much like actors performing on a stage. The script dictates how a person should behave based on their status and roles. Flaws in the performance may lead to embarrassment or discomfort, but the audience often overlooks the defects to allow the actor to "save face"
• Distinctively Filipino Traits


  • Your name consists of repeated syllables
  • Living room decorated with framed diplomas, certificates, plaques
  • You recycle plastic shopping bags as garbage bags
  • You keep a tabo in your bathroom
  • You think a meal is not a meal without rice
  • Sandwiches are snacks, not meals
  • You feel compelled to anyone who sees your eating with the words "Let's eat"
  • You collect items from airlines, hotels, restaurants as souvenirs
  • You feel compelled to give pasalubong to all your friends and relatives each time you return home from a trip
  • You can't make a purchase without haggling
  • You can't resist buying items on sale–even when you don't need them
  • You point your lips
  • You greet one another by tossing your head or raising an eyebrow
  • You cover your mouth when you laugh
  • You respond to "Hoy!" or a "Pssst!" in a crowd
  • Instead of "I beg your pardon?" you say "Ha?"
  • You are always late
  • You say "Maybe" or "I'll try" when you actually mean "No"
  • In bathing you use pumice stone "panghilod" to clean your body
• A trait cannot be considered as culture and cannot be said to be a description of the entire race or nation without it being practiced by a large or significant number of people. For a trait to be considered distinctively unique, it must culturally be different from the rest of other societies. Otherwise, it must be regarded as simply a personal habit
• Culture


  A system of human behavior and thought that obeys natural laws, and therefore can be studied scientifically. It includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society
• Ha?


  Instead of "I beg your pardon?"
• Maybe or I'll try


  When you actually mean "No"
• Pumice stone "panghilod"


  Used to clean your body in bathing
• A trait cannot be considered as culture and cannot be said to be a description of the entire race or nation without it being practiced by a large or significant number of people
• Filipino traits showed the likelihood of formation of self-concept that identifies with the prevailing cultural identity by which one belongs
• Culture


  A system of human behavior and thought that obeys natural laws and can be studied scientifically, including knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of the society
• 3 major components of cultural influences that shape self

  • Material component - pertains to all tangible material that are inherited from the previous generation
  • Cognitive component - pertains to all body of knowledge, skills, and other capabilities handed down from one generation to another
  • Normative component - pertains to prescription or standards of behavior that governs the relationship of individuals in the society
• Social norm


  Encompasses almost all aspects of behavior in everyday activities, like talking and greeting, dressing and sanitation, sleeping and relaxation, courtship, and dating
• Classification of social norms

  • Formal social norms - refers to what has generally been written down and involves strict rules for punishment to offenders
  • Informal social norms - refers to the generally understood customs or standards of behavior but is not precisely recorded nor has any specific punishment or sanction for the violators
  • Folkways - the general rules of customary and habitual ways and patterns of expected behavior in the society
  • Mores - refers to the special folkways that are generally emphasized because they are deemed necessary for the welfare of the society
• Folkways


  Popularly known as custom, traditions, or conventions. It governs everyday behaviors but there is only little concern for any form of violation
• Mores


  Highly mandatory and compulsive social norms that are deemed necessary for the welfare of the society. They have an element of right or wrong
• Different ways of accepting culture

  • Ethnocentrism - belief that one culture is relatively superior compared to the other culture of another society
  • Xenocentrism - the belief that one's own culture is relatively inferior compared to the culture of another society
  • Culture shock - a situation where an individual encounters a culture very much different from his own, which leads to his own disorientation or disorganization
• The social process of culture

  • Assimilation - the process of conforming to the identity of the dominant group
  • Acculturation - the social process of embracing the new culture, but this new culture does not necessarily replace the existing culture
  • Amalgamation - the complete blending of two cultures, which leads to birth of the new breed of culture