History

Cards (164)

  • How did Medieval Britain view kings?
    chosen by God
    most important person
    controlled land
  • How did Medieval England view nobles?

    king's main supporters
    have land
    in return for land provide king with knights
    expected to keep law and order in their land
  • How was the church viewed in Medieval England?
    -believe in heaven and hell
    -Church offered help to get your soul to heaven
    -Priest in every village
    -Church courts for churchmen
    -Sanctuary to criminals
  • Anglo-Saxon: hue and cry
    If crime was committed you were expected to raise H&C
    Entire village had to hunt criminal - if not whole village had to pay heavy fine
  • Anglo Saxon : trial by local jury
    Relied on local communities
    Made up of local men who knew accused/accuser and the jury decided who was guilty
  • Anglo-Saxon : trial by ordeal, what is it?
    Religious society - took place inside church with priest present (god's representative)
    Used if local jury couldn't decide if guilty or not
  • Anglo-Saxons : wergild
    Fine - compensation to victim or their family
  • Anglo Saxon: capital and corporal punishment

    Death penalty- treason, betraying local lord, to deter others
    Corporal - regular offenders, cutting off body parts
  • When was the Battle of Hastings?
    1066 - William duke of Normandy won
  • What changes did William make to the legal system?
    Murdrum fines
    Harsher on women
    Norman- French official language used in court
    Church courts
    Parish Constable
    Trial by combat
    Forest laws
  • What is a murdrum fine?

    If a Saxon person murdered a Norman the whole town had to pay a fine
  • What were forest laws?
    Not allowed to cut down trees
    Not allowed to hunt
  • When was trial by ordeal abolished?
    1215
  • What changed in early modern England in crime and punishment?
    Justices of peace - minor crimes and quarter sessions
    Law of treason strengthened
    Witches were blamed more
    Stocks - not afford funds
    Pillory - selling underweight or rotten goods
    Vagabonds
    Jails used for keeping criminal until trial
  • What were the three main crimes people were concerned with during early modern England?
    Heresy, vagabondage and witchcraft
  • What encouraged the fear of vagrancy ? (EMB)
    Media - increased awareness
    Science and technology because things could be printed like books
  • Why did people become vagabonds?
    Rising population = less jobs = more unemployment
    1500s people could travel more
  • When did witchcraft become a more serious offence and why?
    1542 - religious changes under Henry VIII became criminal offence
    Elizabeth made tough Law
    1590 - James I made tougher laws and wrote book of witchcraft
  • Why were there more cases of witchcraft during religious unrest?
    Old practices and beliefs changing.
    Protestants preached the devil was tempting christians away from god
  • How did trials change in EMB?
    Royal judges - serious crimes
    1600s people weren't allowed to claim benefit of clergy for serious offences
    Habeus corpus - 1679, stop police locking ppl up without proving crime, criminal had to be seen in court within certain time or released
  • What was the bloody code?

    Legal document that stated which laws carried the death penalty
  • How many crimes were punishable by death in 1815?
    225
  • What was transportation and when did it start being used?

    Instead of DP people were sent away to Australia to be slaves.
    Started in the 1660's
  • How did Henry VIII change religion in England?
    Made himself the head of the Church of England
  • How did Edward VI change religion in England?
    More protestant
  • How did Mary I change religion in England?
    More Catholic
    killed 300 protestants
  • What forms of policing were there in 1500-1700?

    Citizens
    Watchmen and sergeants
    Hue and Cry
    Parish Constable
    Justices of peace (JP's)
    Rewards for criminals
  • What trials were used in the Early Modern period?
    Benefit of the Clergy - church courts
    Courts - manor court = minor crimes, Royal judges = serious,
    Haebeas Corpus - stopped people being locked up for no reason 1679
  • Why was the bloody code introduced? (factors)
    Poverty and wealth- rich wanted protection
    Government- MP's passed the laws
    Attitudes in society- thought crime was out of control
    Urbanisation- more people so harder to control
    Travel- streets were more crowded so easier
    Technology- pamphlets
  • How did crime change in the industrial period?
    -Last execution of Heresy in 1612
    -Fear of vagabonds decreased
    -1736 witchcraft laws repealed
  • What kind of crime were people more concerned about in Industrial times?
    Crime that disrupted trading:
    highway robbery, smuggling poaching, trade unions
  • What was the Black Act of 1723?
    Hunting deer, hare or rabbits was punishable by death
  • Why did people poach?
    Big profits
    More demand for meat
  • How did education laws change in the industrial period? (IP)
    1880 - law that all children go to school until 13
  • How did people's views on the government change in the IP?
    realised government should have some control over things
  • How did ideas about human nature change in the IP?
    Make conditions better so people will behave in a better way.
    Mid 1800s Darwins theory of Evolution
  • How did Wealth and taxes change in the IP?
    Britain got rich
    Higher taxes - living conditions get better
  • How did travel change in the IP?
    Railways were used more
  • How did Harvests and farm life change in the IP?
    Food can be imported quickly and cheaply so there was less pressure on farmers
  • How did population change in the IP?
    1750 - 9.5million in England and Wales
    1900 - 41.5 million