Historical Foundations

• Benjamin Rush


  Science, Progress, and Free Education
• Thomas Jefferson


  Education for Citizenship
• Noah Webster


  Schoolmaster and Cultural Nationalist
• William McGuffey


  The Readers and American Virtues
• Pestalozzi


  General and Special Method
• Froebel


  Develop kindergarten
• Herbart


  moral development
• Herbert spencer


  survival of the fittest
• Joseph Lancaster


  Monitorial school - based on 3R
• Common school


  "the little red school house"
• Elementary Schools


  Started with Reading, Spelling, Grammar, and Arithmetic
• Secondary School


  Tax-supported and locally controlled
• Academies


  Offered traditional curriculum as college prep but also offered practical programs
• High School


  Diversity of schools: rich and poor, college prep and vocational programs under one roof
• Franklin Bobbit


  Started the curriculum development movement. For him, curriculum prepares learners for adult life
• Werret Charters


  Objectives and activities should match
• William Kilpartick


  The purpose of curriculum is child development and growth. It develops social relationships and small group instruction
• Harold Rugg


  Curriculum should be plan in advance and should develop the whole child
• Hollis Caswell


  Curriculum is a set of experience organized around social functions of themes
• Ralph Tyler


  Curriculum is related to instruction. It aims to educate generalists
• Hilda Taba

  contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundation of concepts development and critical thinking in social studies curriculum
• Peter Oliva


  describes the curriculum change as a cooperative endeavor