Key facts

• Henry VII

  1485 - 1509
• H7 Political:

  227 attended parliament 1485-95.

  6 or 7 on working council.

  7 Parliments.

  JP’s met 4 times a year (1495 - all offences apart from murder, 1489 - complaints).

  Bonds - 1504 - 05 = £75,000.

  1487 = 78 Act of Attainders.
• H7 Economic:

  1486 = £2,000 of crown lands.

  Wardship = £6,000.

  Custom Dues = Rose from £33,000 to £40,000.

  Subsidy = £400,000 in total.

  benevolances = 1491 - £8,000 for invasion of France.

  French pension = £159,000.

  Cloth trade = 60% increase, 1.3% of population involved.

  91% of trade was internal.

  Population= 1430 - 2.1m 1522 - 2.3m
• H7 Social:

  1489 = Yorkshire rebellion.

  1497 = Cornish rebellion.

  1487 = Simnel Battle of Stoke.

  1497 = Warbeck allies to James IV.

  1501 = Edmund De La Pole fled to Holy Roman Empire.
• H7 Foreign Policy:

  1492 = Treaty of Etaples.

  1486 = Truce with Scotland.

  1497 = Truce of Ayton, 1501 = Treaty of Perpetual Peace.

  1489= Treaty of Medina Del Campo.

  1496 = Intercursus Magnus.
• H7 Religion:

  12 heretics burnt.
• Henry VIII:

  1509 - 1547.
• H8 Political - Wolsey:

  1526 - Eltham Ordinances.

  1515 - Hunne case.

  1522 - National survey on who could pay tax and how much, gained £200,000.

  1525 - Amicable Grant.

  Star chamber - 120 people.

  Court of Requests - Poor people.
• H8 Political- Cromwell:

  Power of the King.

  1529 parliament lasted 7 years, more laws passed than ever before.

  Privy Council - 20 people.

  Court of Augmentations, General Surveyors, First Fruits and Tenths, Wards.
• H8 Economic:

  1517 - Began enquiry into how much land was enclosed, opposition forced this to be closed till 1526.

  1526 - Recoinage but debasement, only 25% silver.

  74 landowners had recognisable against them for enclosure.

  1534 - 2,400 sheep each.

  Population - 1524 =2.3 mil

  - 1541 = 2.7 mil
• H8 Social:

  1525 - Amicable Grant, 10,000 rebels.

  1536 - Pilgrimage of Grace, 40,000 rebels, 74 hung.
• H8 foreign policy:

  1513 - Battle of Flodden.

  1512 - Joined Holy League against France.

  1513 - Battle of spurs, 30,000 troops Tournai and Therouanne.

  1514 - Anglo-French peace treaty, keep Tournai, Money off French.

  1518 - Treaty of London.

  1521 - Treaty of Bruges to improve Pope relations.

  1522-25 - Second French war.

  1529 - Treaty of Cambrai.

  1542 - Battle of Solway Moss, 18,000 vs 3,000 Scottish.
• H8 - Religion:

  1531 - Charges of Praemunire.

  1532 - Supplication of the Ordinaries.

  1532 - Act of Submission of the Clergy.

  1532 - Act of Annates.

  1533 - Act in Restraint of Appeals.

  1534 - Act of Supremacy.

  1534 -Treason Act.

  1534 - First Act of Succession.
• H8 - Dissolution of the Monasteries:

  Early 16th - 825 religious houses, 500 where Monasteries.

  6,500/8,000 monks moved on.

  2,000 nuns couldn't marry or become priests.

  1535 - Valor Eclesatius.

  1536 - Act of Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries, all under £200 per year.

  1536 - Act of Dissolution of the larger Monasteries.

  By 1540 - Crown income doubled from £120,00 per annum to £250,000.

  Resale of monastic land - £1.3 mil.
• Somerset:

  1547 - 1550
• Somerset - Political:

  March 1547 - Granted Quasi Royal powers.

  Over 70 proclamations.
• Somerset - Economic:

  Vagrancy Acts - Able bodied people out of work for 3 days sold into slavery for 2 years.

  Enclosure - 1548= proclamation issued that enforced all statutes against enclosure, 1549 = 5% tax on sheep.

  Finances - £580 spent on wars with Scotland, by 1547 half of the money from the dissolution is gone.
• Somerset - Social:

  Western rebellion:

  1549.

  7,000 rebels.

  3,000 killed.

  Kett rebellion:

  1549.

  16,000 rebels.

  Northumberland had 12,000 men.

  3,000 slaughtered.

  49 executions.
• Somerset - Foreign policy:

  1547 - Battle of Pinkie, 4,000 French soldiers in Scotland.

  Garrsioning - £351,521.

  1548 - 1,000 French forces take MQS.

  1549 - Soldiers had to be pulled out of Scotland to deal with rebellions.
• Somerset - Religion:

  1547 - Royal Injuctions.

  1547 - Chantries Act , 3,000 dissolved.

  December 1547 - Act of 6 Articles and Treason Act repealed.

  1548 - All images to be removed from Churches.

  1548 - Only clergy can preach, later no preaching till new liturgy introduces and need licence.

  1548 - First Book of Common Prayer.

  1549 - Act of Unifomity.
• Northumberland:

  1550 - 1552.
• Northumberland - Poltical:

  1552 - Regularly attending Privy Council, announced he would take control at 16 instead of 18.

  1550 - Got all conservatives dismissed and replaces with protestants, made himself Lod President.

  Parliament met in 1552 and 1553.
• Northumberland - Economic:

  Repeals Vagrancy Act from 1547.

  1552 - Poor Law = Made parishes responsible for raising money to help the deserving poor.

  1550 - Reintroduced Treason Law.

  1551 - Ended debasement but didn't collect in coins.

  1550 - £300,000 debt reduced to £180,000 by 1553.

  Sale of Crown lands and chantry lands rose £200,000.
• Northumberland- Social:

  Role in Western rebellion going with 12,000 men.

  Reduced risk of rebellion by reintroducing Treason Laws in 1550.
• Northumberland- Foreign Policy:

  1549 - France attacked Bolougne.

  1550 - Treaty of Bolougne, gave up Bolougne for £400,000 instead of the previous £2,000,000.
• Northumberland Foreign policy:

  1549 - Attack on Bolougne.

  1550 - Treaty of Bolougne, gave it up for £400,000 instead of 2 million crowns.

  1550 - Northumberland undertook complete reorganisation of the Scottish boarder.

  1552 - Pressure from Charles V but improving trade in the Netherlands.
• Northumberland religion:

  Treason Act - Can't question royal supremacy.

  1552 - 2nd Book of Common Prayer.

  1552 - 2nd Act of Uniformity.

  1552 survey of church wealth - £1,087,978.

  1553 - 42 Articles of religion.

  People leaving money in wills declined from 70% to 30%.
• Mary I

  1553 - 1558
• Mary Political:

  1554 - Marriage treaty with Phillip.

  12 subcommittees on the Privy Council.

  104 acts passed in 5 sessions of Parliament.
• Mary economic:

  1554 - Sold crown lands worth £5,000 p.a.Debts rose from £85,000 to £300,000. Attainders against Northumberland = £20,000 p.a.
• Mary social:

  Wyatt rebellion, 1554.

  Mary's marriage to Phillip.

  2,500 - 3,000 men.

  100 executed.
• Mary foreign policy:

  3 serviceable warships.

  1558 - Militia Act.

  1556 - Treaty of Vaucelles - Peace Treaty between France and Spain, lasted 5 months.

  1557 - War with France, 7,000 troops sent to help 70,000 troops fighting in France.

  1558 - 27,000 French troops attacked Calais vs 2,000 English troops, Calais was lost within 3 days.
• Mary religion:

  1553 - First Act of Repeal.

  1554 - Royal Injuctions.

  1554 - Heresay Laws.

  1555 - Second Act of Repeal.

  1557 - Some small monastic houses refound.

  19,000 copies of the protestant prayer book in circulation.

  280 people burnt in 46 months (5 bishops, 51 women).
• Elizabeth I:

  1558 - 1603.
• Elizabeth political:

  11/30 of Mary's advisors reappointed.

  Reduced Privy Council to 20 people.
• Elizabeth economic:

  1563 - Statute of Artificers.

  1572 - Poor Relief Acts.

  1576 - Houses of Corrections established.

  1595 - Food riots in London.

  1597 - Elizabethan Poor Law.

  1585 - Debt of £300,000 from Mary cleared and a revenue of £300,000.

  11/13 Parliament sessions where to grant tax.

  1500 - 1600 enclosure only increased by 2%.

  End of her reign, total land enclosed was below 9%.

  Rose £600,000 from sale of Crown lands in her reign.
• Elizabeth Social:

  1569 - Northern rebellion , 3,5000 - 4,000 rebels, 700 to be executed but only actually 450.

  1571 - Ridolfi Plot spain planned to send 10,000 troops.

  1583 - Throckmorton plot.

  1586 - Babbington plot.

  Population increased from 2.3 million in the 1520s to 4 million at the end of Elizabeth's reign.

  Over 50% of rural and urban poor lived at or below substitence level.
• Elizabeth foreign policy - France and Scotland:

  1559 - Treaty of Catau Cambresis, French have Calais for 8 years, fine of 500,000 crowns.

  1562 - Treaty of Hampton Court, 140 crowns and 3,000 troops to France.

  1564 - Treaty of Troyes.

  1559 - Protestant Lords denounce Mary of Guise in Scotland.

  1560 - Treaty of Berwick.

  1560 - Treaty of Edinburgh.

  1563 - Trade embargo for 12 months with the Netherlands, 3/4 trade went through Antwerp, 75% tax increase.

  1572 - Treaty of Blois.

  1593 - Henry VI converts to Catholicism.
• Elizabeth foreign policy - Spain and the Netherlands:

  1568 - Genonese loan, £80,000 of silver.

  1584 - Treaty of Joinville.

  1585 - Treaty of Nonsuch, 3,000 troops under Dudley.

  1588 - First Armada.

  1596, 1597, 1601, 1604. - further armadas.
• Elizabeth religion - Religious Settlement:

  1559 - Act of Supremacy.

  1559 - Act of Uniformity, only passed by 3 votes.

  1559 - Royal Injunctions, 57.

  1963 - 39 Articles.