States of Matter

• The properties of each state of matter depend on the forces between the particles
• In liquids, there is some force of attraction between the particles. They are free to move past each other. Liquids don't keep a definite shape but their volume is fixed. The particles are constantly moving with random motion. The hotter a liquid gets, the faster it moves.
• When a substance changes from one state of matter to another, it's a physical change
• Chemical changes happen during chemical reactions when bonds between atoms break and the atoms change places
• If you have more than one compound present, or different elements that aren't all part of a single compound then it is a mixture.
• To measure the melting point of a substance, you can use melting point apparatus. This piece of kit allows you to heat up a very small sample of the substance.
• Mobile phase

  Where the molecules can move. Liquid or gas
• Stationary Phase


  Where the molecules cannot move. Solid or really thick liquid.
• The steps of water treatment include, filtration, sedimentation and chlorination.
• Filtration is when a wire mesh screens out large twigs, gravel and sand beds filter out any other solid bits
• Sedimentation is when iron sulfate or aluminium is added to the water which makes fine particles clump together and settle at the bottom
• Chlorination is when chlorine gas is bubbled through to kill harmful bacteria
• Distillation is very expensive as it requires loads of energy.