Exper. L2: Research Ethics

• Ethics


  The philosophy of morality
• Ethics

  explicit reflections on moral beliefs and practices
• Ethics are used for recommending right and wrong conducts
• Morality

  differentiates "good and bad" intentions, decisions, and actions
• Moral Code is a system of morality
• Moral is any practice or teaching within moral code
• Behavioral Study of Obedience is by Milgram (1963)
• Behavioral Study of Obedience

  40 Male Participants
• Behavioral Study of Obedience was presented as a test of Learning and Memory
• Behavioral Study of Obedience

  An electric shock generator that ranges from 15 to 450 voltages electrocutes those who disobeys
• Behavioral Study of Obedience

  26 subjects obeyed orders
• Behavioral Study of Obedience

  
  

  Labels:

  • Slight Shock
  • Danger - Severe Shock
• Baumrind (1964) regard the emotional disturbance from the Obedience experiment as harmful
• Baumrind argues that Milgram's experiment can alter self-image, or ability to trust authorities
• APA Code of Ethics

  1. Beneficence and Non-Maleficence
  2. Fidelity and Responsibility
  3. Integrity
  4. Justice
  5. Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
• Ethical Principles for Research Involving Human Participants

  1. Confidentiality
  2. Informed Consent
  3. Privacy
  4. Deception
• Confidentiality is one way to protect participants from social risk
• Confidential is not the same as Anonymous
• Informed Consent is the entered social contract of researchers and participants
• Researchers are ethically obligated to provide Informed Consent to clarify the nature of the study, and to communicate possible risks
• Informed Consent is not necessary when observing public behavior
• Legal guardians receive informed consent for minors to participate but Assent (agreement) of the child is required for it to continue
• Privacy is the right of the individual to decide how personal information is communicated
• 3 Dimensions to consider for Privacy

  1. sensitivity
  2. setting
  3. method of dissemination
• Deception

  When information is withheld (omission)
• Deception

  Participants are intentionally misinformed
• Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) reviews research to make sure animals are treated humanely
• Benefit must be greater than the Risk
• Minimal Risk such as, discomfort not greater than what might be usually experienced daily, is allowed
• Types of Risk

  • Physical Injury
  • Psychological Injury
  • Social Injury
• Issues to Consider After Research

  1. Publication Credit
  2. Plagiarism
• Publication Credit

  Acknowledge fairly those who have contributed
• Publication Credit

  Authorship based on scholarly importance of contributions
• Plagiarism

  Presenting substantial elements of another's work as one's own
• Proper Citation of sources must be done when using exact words and when paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism