The social institution that formally socializes members of society, it refers to the process through which skills, knowledge, and values are transmitted from the teachers to the learners
Education brings about continuity, which is an important factor for development
John Maxwell: 'You can pay now, and play later, or you can play now and pay later. But either way, you are going to pay.'
Literacy
The presence of cognitive skills in reading and writing. It is still the main objective to be pursued in education.
Alvin Toffler: 'The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who can not learn, unlearn, and relearn'
Latent function of education
The unintended functions that are brought about in the school environment
Manifest function of education
The obvious and intended purpose of school, such as career training in college or career selection before graduating high school
Functions of education for the individual
Development of inborn potentialities
Modifying behavior
All-round development
Preparing for the future
Developing personality
Helping with adjustability
Serving as a human right
Functions of education towards society
Social change and control
Reconstruction of experiences
Development of social and moral values
Providing opportunity for equality
Functions of education towards the country
Inculcation of civic and social responsibility
Training for leadership
National integration
Total national development
Effects of education
Gives knowledge
Leads to career progression
Builds character
Leads to enlightenment
Helps a nation progress
Develops productive citizenry
Enables self-actualization
Formaleducation
Based in the classroom and provided by trained teaching and non-teaching personnel
Non-formaleducation
An organized educational activity that takes place outside a formal setup. It is usually flexible and learner-centered and it has no age limit as everybody is part of a non-formal education program.
Horace Mann (1796-1859) was known as the "Father of American Education" and was a major force behind the establishment of unified school systems
French Sociologist Emile Durkheim described schools as agents of socialization that prepare children for their future adult economic roles
Religion
A person's adherence to a set of beliefs or teaching about the deepest and most elusive of life's mysteries
Religion (according to Emile Durkheim)
A unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things, i.e. things set apart and forbidden - beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a "Church"
Characteristics of religion (according to Emile Durkheim)
Clear distinction between the profane and the sacred
Belief and faith as forms of acceptance of sacred things without clear evidence or proof
Use of rituals and organized forms of practices to stimulate the faith of people
Faithful members gather to organize religious communities
Religion (according to Karl Marx)
The "opium of the masses" - an expression of material realities and economic injustice, used by oppressors to make people feel better about the distress they experience due to being poor and exploited
Religion (according to Max Weber)
The worldly orientation of Calvinism led to the development of the capitalist spirit among the Protestants of Europe. Religion can affect a society's behavior and can thereby become a possible agent of social change.