stas

• Branches of philosophy


  • Natural Philosophy
  • Moral Philosophy
  • Metaphysical philosophy
• Heidegger's view on the relationship between human and technology


  A free relationship
• Heidegger's definitions of technology


  • Technology is a means to an end (Instrumental definition)
  • Technology is a human activity (Anthropological definition)
• Heidegger's investigation of technology


  1. Portraying it as the building of a path

  2. Examining the common understanding of technology as a neutral instrument under the control of humans

  3. Proposing to get to the true sense via the correct sense

  4. Analyzing the notion of instrumentality to reach the truth or the essence of technology - it is traced to causality
• Technology


  • A very particular kind of revealing
  • Challenging forth nature to yield treasures to humans
  • Setting upon (positioning and ordering) the yields of nature so that they are available and of humans, becoming part of the standing reserve
• Modern science


  Has an aggressive approach to nature that goes well with technology, but poorly with science
• Enframing of technology


  Destiny - neither an inevitable fate that descends on humanity nor the result of human will. Disclosure of destiny and human freedom are one and the same.
• Dangers of the enframing of technology


  • The danger that human being reduces itself to standing reserve and in so appearing to have taken total control encounters nothing any more
  • The danger that the disclosure of the enframing forecloses every other dispensation and conceals that too is a disclosure
• The enframing is a disclosure. It involves human beings, therefore harbors the possibility of saving power.
• Four causes of making something


  • Causa materialis - the material, the matter out of which an object is made
  • Causa formalis - the form, the shape into which the material enters
  • Causa efficiens - which brings about the effect that is finished
  • Causa finalis - end
• Poesis


  The bringing forth which underlies causality, a bringing out of concealment
• Aletheia


  The revealing, which the Greeks call truth, means unhiddedness or disclosure
• Technology brings forth as well, and it is revealing
• Modern technology


  • A challenging forth - very aggressive in its activity
  • Revealing never comes to an end, it always happens on our own terms as everything is on demand
  • The age of switches, standing reserve and stockpiling for its own sake
• Examples of challenging forth and bringing forth

  • Volcanic eruption- challenging forth
  • Coral bleaching-challenging forth
  • Planting trees- bringing forth
  • Mining- challenging forth
  • Farming- bringing forth
• Piety


  Obedience and submission
• Calculative thinking


  One orders and puts a system to nature so it can be understood better and controlled
• Meditative thinking


  One lets nature reveal itself to him/ her without forcing it
• Human flourishing


  An endeavor to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals. This also means access to a pleasant life, an engaged or good life and a meaningful life.
• Human flourishing requires the development of attributes and social and personal levels that exhibit character strengths and virtues that are commonly agreed across different cultures.
• Aristotle's conceptions of the best life for human beings


  • A philosophical Life
  • Life of Pleasure
  • A life of Political Life
• Eudaimonia


  A divine state of being that humanity is able to strive toward and possibly reach
• Happiness


  Doing well and living well. A pleasant state of mind.
• Epicurus' view on the Eudaimon life


  The life of pleasure and maintains that life of pleasure coincides with the life of virtue
• Socrates' view on virtues


  Self-control, justice, courage, wisdom, piety and related qualities of mind and soul are absolutely crucial if a person is to lead a good and happy life. Virtues guarantee a happy life Eudaimonia
• Plato's view on Eudaimonia


  Depends on virtue (arête) which is depicted as the most crucial and the dominant constituent of eudaimonia
• Pyrrho's view on Eudaimonia


  The attainment of ataraxia (a state of equanimity) as a way to achieve Eudaimonia. Pyrrhonist practice is for the purpose of achieving epochs.
• People want to be healthy but many consume junk food. People want to be happy but many do things that make themselves miserable.
• Most things that taste good are probably bad for you. Most things that give you thrill are probably bad for you too.
• Wrong pursuits may lead to tragic consequences. Correct pursuits may lead to flourishing.
• All human activities aim at some good. Every art and human inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has been rightly declared as that at which all things aim.
• Eudaimonia


  Eu - good, daimon- spirit = good life
• Good life


  Happiness and virtue
• The 4 Pillars of the Good Life


  • Health
  • Wealth
  • Love
  • Happiness
• Everybody wants more happiness and success. It's good to know how to optimize happiness and success.
• There is a wide agreement that happiness is the greatest human good.
• The happiness pursuit becomes one's ultimate purpose in life, but it is not guided by a philosophy of life informed by general principles of meaning, spirituality and virtue.
• Ethical principles on how to treat others


  • Confucius: What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.
  • Aristotle: We should behave to others as we wish others to behave to us.
  • Buddhism: Hurt not others with that which pains thyself.
  • Christianity: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
• Bad things happen to good people. Reversal of fortune. For some people, most days are bad days (poverty).
• Heidegger's view on living an authentic life


  Living with deep acceptance on the facticity of death resulting to a life lived