Lecture 7 + 8

• Issues in the mind

  Who am i? what do i belive in? Can i do my responsibilities? What if i dont make it thorugh school? Do i want a long-term relationship? Can i be a parent? Why is their evil in the world?
• Late Adolescence


  18-22 yrs. Find vocational path. More changes occur here than any other stage in life
• Intersection of Biological, Psychological and Societal Influences

  new responsibilities, aware of strengths and limits, expression of sexuality and gender, prepare to enter adulthood
• Biological Process


  sexual maturation generally completed. Changes in heigh stop for women at 18 and 20 for men
• Biological Issues

  one of the healthiest phase. Depression, asthma, and skeletal disorders affect 1 in 5
• Social Influences


  role in identity-formation process. Feeling of belonging to a community. must find satisfaction with their own needs
• Psychological Issues

  Intimacy vs isolation
• Important Psychological Developments


  1. Secondseparation-individuation process

  2. Capactiy for new forms of intimacy
• Second Separation-Individuation Process

  Development of a more autonomous sense of self. Forming new relationships, take responsibility and evaluate issues
• Margaret Mahler

  Autistic state; infant has little awareness. Symbiosis; caretaker as extension of the self
• 4 Substages of the Separation-Individuation

  1. Differentiation; caretaker as seperate

  2. Practicing subphase; exploration

  3. Rapprochement; seeks independence

  4. Object constancy; sense of physical self
• Intimacy signs

  giving and receiving emotional support, value loved one, promote welfare, sharing passions, self-disclosure
• Intimacy Status Interview

  assessed the style in which one engages in relationships with friends and romantic partners
• Relational Styles (7)

  Intimate; commitment to partner. Preintimate; not yet long-term sexual relationship. Pseudointimate; long-term sexual commitment but superficial. Stereotypic; friends and dating but superficial. Isolate; no relationships. Merger (committed); long-term sexual relationships and dependent on partner. Merger (uncommitted); not established long-term sexual relationship, but dependent on friends
• Adult Attachment and Intimacy

  dismissing attachment style; not available in times of distress. Pre-occupied; predictability of others. Fearful; fear of being hurt
• Identity + Intimacy according to Arseth

  intimates had higher scores on the secure attachment dimension
• Friendship and Late Adolescence

  peer relationships increase in importance, closeness with same sex gets stronger
• Reporting of having a gf/bf

  highest in 12th grade- 72%
• Education and Work Setting

  Employed youth, university students, unemployed youth. work is primary importance to sense of identity
• Personal Characterstics with selecting careers

  secure attachment, self-efficacy, intelligence, aptitude and skill, interests, personality
• Parental Influences with selecting careers

  number of years of education, socioeconomic status, parenting styles