Acids and Bases

• Acid


  Hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance
• Base


  Molecule or ion that is able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid
• Acids have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper to red
• Bases have a bitter taste, a slippery texture, and turn red litmus paper to blue
• When an acid and a base is mixed in the right proportions, their characteristic properties seem to disappear altogether
• Arrhenius acid


  Substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions when dissolved in water
• Arrhenius base


  Substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions when dissolved in water
• Bronsted-Lowry acid


  Substance (molecule or ion) that donates a proton to another substance
• Bronsted-Lowry base


  Substance that accepts a proton
• A molecule or ion must have a hydrogen atom it can lose as an H+ ion for it to be a Bronsted-Lowry acid
• A molecule or ion must have non-bonding pair of electrons it can use to bind the H+ ion for it to be a Bronsted-Lowry base
• Amphiprotic


  Substance that can act as either an acid or a base