Energy

• What are the 8 types of energy stores? [8] - Thermal (Internal) - Kinetic - Gravitational Potential - Elastic Potential - Chemical - Magnetic - Electrostatic - Nuclear
• What is a system? A system is an object or a group of objects.
• What is the equation for Kinetic Energy?
• What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy?
• What is the equation for elastic energy?
• What is internal energy? The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system.
• When work is done on a system what increases? The energy stored in a system.
• What does heating do to the energy stored in a system? By increasing the energy of the particles within it.
• What happens as the energy increases? [2] It will either: - Increase the temperature - Pproduce a change of state
• What does the increase depend on, if the temperature increases? [3] - Mass of the substance heated - What the substance is - Energy input
• What is the specific heat capacity? The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree celsius.
• What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
• What is the conservation of energy? Energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated but can never be created or destroyed.
• What 4 ways can energy be transferred? [4] - Mechanically - Electrically - Heating - Radiation
• What is power? Power is the rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work.
• What is power measured in? Power is measured in watts.
• What is the equation for rate of energy transfer?
• What is the equation for work done (power)?
• What is conduction? Conduction is the process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.
• What is convection? Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions.
• What happens to the total energy in a closed system? In a closed system the total energy never changes, but it can be transferred from one store to another.
• What is wasted energy caused by? Wasted energy is caused by unwanted energy transfers.
• How can you reduce unwanted energy transers? [3] - Lubrication - Thermal Insulation - Tightening loose parts
• What is the equation for efficiency for any energy transfer?
• What is non-renewable energy? Non-renewable energy resources, are energy resources that will eventually run out.
• What are examples of non-renewable energy resources? [3] - Natural Gas - Oil - Coal
• What is renewable energy? Renewable energy resources, are energy resources that can be replenished.
• What are examples of renewable energy resources? [7] - Solar - Wind - Hydroelectricity - Geothermal - Tidal - Water Waves - Biofuel
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind turbines? [4] - No pollution - Does not provide a constant source of energy - Noisy - Ruin the landscape
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of solar cells? [3] - No enviromental damage - Expensive - Depends on light intensity
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Biofuel? [4] - Made from from plants and waste - Carbon neutral - Expensive - Removes food crops
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectricity? [2] - Useful way to generate electricity on a small scale - Initial costs are high
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Geothermal? [3] - Very reliable - Little damage to the enviroment - Only available in a limited number of places where hot rocks can be found
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Tidal? [4] - No pollution - High initial set-up cost - Can alter habitats - Cause problems for shippings
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of water waves? [3] - No pollution - Initial costs are high - Very unreliable
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of nucleur fuel? [3] - Reliable output - Produces radioactive waste - Costly to build and decommission
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of of coal? [2] - Reliable output - Burning produces greenhouse gases (CO2) and contributes to acid rain (SO2)
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Oil? [4] - Reliable output - Provides a compact source of energy for transport - Burning produces CO2, NO2, and SO2 - Serious enviromental damage if spilt
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of Gas? [2] - Reliable output - Burning produces CO2, but not SO2