Matter and their physical properties

• Matter

  Anything that has mass and occupies space
• Matter


  • Made of very small particles called atoms
  • Arrangement of these particles is different in three states of matter
• Physical properties of matter

  • Colour
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Elasticity
  • Hardness
  • Solubility
• Mass

  The amount of matter in something
• Devices to measure mass

  • Kitchen scale
  • Bathroom scale
  • Balance scale
• SI unit of mass

  Kilogram (kg)
• States of matter

  • Solids
  • Liquids
  • Gases
• Solids

  • Particles are regularly packed
  • Intermolecular attraction is very strong
  • Particles can move/vibrate but do not change place
• Liquids

  • Particles are irregularly arranged
  • Intermolecular attraction is not as strong as solids
  • Molecules can move by sliding past each other
• Gases

  • Particles are far apart from each other
  • Intermolecular attraction is very weak
  • Particles can move quickly in all directions
  • Distance between particles is usually much greater and they are in constant, random motion
• When a solid is heated

  • Particles vibrate more strongly and gain more kinetic energy
  • Force of attraction within the particles become weak
• At the melting point

  Force of attraction becomes too weak to hold the particles in fixed positions and the solid melts
• According to kinetic particle theory, all matter is made of tiny particles that are always in motion and possess kinetic energy</b>
• Boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
• When water is heated

  It reaches the boiling point and undergoes evaporation
• When water vapor cools

  It undergoes condensation
• The si unit of mass is kilograms (kg)