rotation beyond the normal axis which can also strain the facet joints
can also result in additional lateral shears
combination of torsion and lateral shear can result in tears in the outer annulus
risk of torsion injury of a disc is greatest when rotation occurs in flexion as this takes collagen fibres beyond normal limits
torsion most likely in posterior lateral corner, where fibres are the weakest within a torsion injury
damage is limited within the disc, therefore they dont often present with neurology
similar timeline to ligament sprain injury
