Mumbai

• Mumbai urbanised rapidly from its origins has a fishing village
• Population: 1971 = 8 million , 2023 = 23 million
• Increase in population is due to rural-urban migration
• The increase in population means that there is an increased demand for housing which leads to slums being built on land close to the city centre
• Dharavi slum: 42% of Mumbai's population live in slums
• Dharavi slum: 1 million people live in one square mile
• Dharavi slum: 4000 cases of diphtheria and typhoid per day
• Dharavi slum: Unplanned - no legal rights to the land - neglected by government
• Dharavi slum: 500 people share 1 toilet
• Dharavi slum: Water is rationed
• Dharavi slum: Average 5 people per room
• Dharavi slum: 85% of people have a job in the slims
• Dharavi slum: Literacy rate = 74.9% , stunted growth = 47.4%
• Dharavi slum: $2billion slum redevelopment project threatens Port and Recycling district in Dharavi. Move people who have lived there since 2000 into high rise apartment blocks. People will live away from where they work
• Dharavi slum: NGO - Sparc - lets locals redesign improvements e.g add extra rooms to buildings and increase amount of toilets
• Economic inequality: South Mumbai = banking and financial district - Bombay stock exchange and TNC's e.g Data Group
• Economic inequality: Wealthy people live in high quality housing e.g Chowpatty Beach - air conditioning and pools
• Economic inequality: inequality between slums - Type 1 = temporary, Type 5 = formal , close community
• Economic inequality: 46,000 millionaires
• Economic inequality: 28 billionaires
• Economic inequality: Antilla = 27 storey home worth $2 billion owned by the Ambani family ( richest in India)
• Economic inequality: 90% of wealth is held by 10% of the population
• Industry: Mumbai generates 6% of Indias GDP
• Industry: contributes to 25% of Indias industrial output
• Industry: 70% of Indias capital transactions take place in Mumbai
• Industry: Specialised technical industry e.g aerospace , engineering and medical research
• Industry: Largely unskilled workforce - people often work self employed and unregulated (informally)
• Literacy rate

  74.9% - slums ( lower for women)

  84.5% - non slums

  Stunted growth

  47.4% - slums

  41.5% - non slums

  Underweight

  36.1% - slums

  25.8% - non slums
• Physical Environment: ' Gateway to India'
• Physical Environment: was 7 islands - redeveloped by Dutch engineers
• Physical Environment: Areas lower are prone to flooding caused by monsoon season and high rainfall - less affluent live here as land is cheaper - big impact when flood but easy to rebuild 'shafts'
• Physical Environment: regular flooding. Urban growth was mainly to blame for this as the rapid growth has removed many green areas in the city. 5 rivers flow through Mumbai = limited room to expand. Because of this, many new developments have been built on floodplains.Slum areas are more vulnerable to floods, as they are poorly constructed houses and are often built on floodplains. e.g. 70% of Mithi River's embankments are occupied by informal settlements.
• Physical Environment: Ghandi national park limits urban sprawl - hilly topography unsuitable to build on
• Physical Environment: Mithi river = sewage and river pollution Flooding due to rapid urban growth. Tropical climate, causing Monsoons Mithi River flooded during a Monsoon, killing 400 and leaving thousands homeless
• Physical Environment: Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan - created to ensure the city has a plan in place to reduce the chances of flooding within the city.
• Water Pollution: estimated 50% of Mumbai defecates in the open
• Water Pollution: damaged sewage pipes
• Water Pollution: 25% Mumbai not connected to sewage network
• Water Pollution: lack of toilets
• Water Pollution: Dissolved oxygen levels are 0 in the creek - safe levels are 4