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A level chemistry
Physical II
Allery Acids and bases
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Cards (156)
What is the significance of the hydronium ion in acid solutions?
It makes the solution
acidic
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What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>
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What do Bronsted-Lowry acids do?
They donate
protons
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What do Bronsted-Lowry bases do?
They accept
protons
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What is a characteristic of strong acids?
They
dissociate
almost completely
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What is a characteristic of weak acids?
They
dissociate
poorly
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What do strong bases do in solution?
They produce a lot of
OH<sup>-</sup>
ions
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What is the equilibrium position for weak acids?
The backward reaction is favored
Few
H<sup>+</sup>
ions produced
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What is the equilibrium position for strong acids?
The forward reaction is favored
Many
H<sup>+</sup>
ions produced
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What happens when acids and bases react according to Bronsted-Lowry theory?
Protons
are exchanged
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What is the ionic product of water denoted as?
K<sub>w</sub>
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What is the value of K<sub>w</sub> at a given temperature?
1 x
10<sup>-14</sup>
mol<sup>2</sup>
dm<sup>-6</sup>
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What does pH measure?
The concentration of
H<sup>+</sup>
ions
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What is the formula to calculate pH?
pH = -
log<sub>10</sub>
[H<sup>+</sup>]
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If a solution has a pH of 0, how is it classified?
Very
acidic
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If a solution has a pH of 14, how is it classified?
Very
basic
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What is the relationship between pH and acidity?
Lower pH
indicates
higher acidity
Higher pH indicates lower acidity
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How do strong acids and weak acids differ in terms of dissociation?
Strong acids dissociate
completely
Weak acids dissociate
poorly
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How do strong bases and weak bases differ in terms of dissociation?
Strong bases
dissociate
completely
Weak bases dissociate
poorly
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What is the significance of equilibrium in acid-base reactions?
Determines the
concentration
of products and reactants
Affects the
strength
of acids and bases
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What does pH measure in a solution?
Concentration of
H+
ions
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Why is the pH scale logarithmic?
It converts small numbers into
manageable
values
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What is the pH of a neutral substance?
7
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What does a pH of 0 indicate?
Very
acidic
substance
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What is the equation to calculate pH?
pH = -
log<sub>10</sub>
[H+]
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How do you calculate the pH of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.03 moles per cubic meter?
pH = -
log<sub>10</sub>
(0.03)
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What does a pH of 1.5 suggest about hydrochloric acid?
It indicates a
strong acid
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How can you calculate the concentration of H+ ions from pH?
Use H+ =
10<sup>-pH</sup>
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What is the concentration of H+ ions in nitric acid with a pH of 1.7?
0.0198
moles per cubic meter
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What is the assumption made about strong acids like hydrochloric acid?
They
dissociate
fully in solution
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How do you calculate the pH of 0.25 moles per cubic meter of hydrochloric acid?
pH = -
log<sub>10</sub>
(0.25)
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What is a diprotic acid?
An acid that produces two
H+
ions per
molecule
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How do you calculate the pH of 0.25 moles per cubic meter of sulfuric acid?
pH = -
log<sub>10</sub>
(0.5)
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What is the relationship between strong bases and their dissociation?
Strong bases dissociate
fully
in solution
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How do you calculate the pH of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 0.15 moles per cubic meter?
Use
KW
to find
H+
concentration
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What is the value of KW at 298 Kelvin?
1 x 10<sup>-14</sup>
moles squared per cubic meter
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How do you find the concentration of H+ ions from the concentration of OH- ions?
Use H+ =
KW
/ [OH-]
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What is the acid dissociation constant (Ka)?
It measures the strength of
weak acids
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How do you calculate the pH of a weak acid like ethanoic acid?
Use the
Ka
expression for weak acids
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What is the Ka expression for a weak acid?
Ka = [
H+
]<
sup
>2</sup> / [
HA
]
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