Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides Examples

  Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
• Disaccharides Examples

  Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
• Polysaccharides Examples

  Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
• Structure of Alpha Glucose

  C6H12O6, H and OH are in line with eachother
• Structure of Beta Glucose

  C6H12O6, H and OH are inverted
• Disaccharides are bonded by Glycosidic bonds
• Glucose + Glucose = ?

  Maltose + Water
• Glucose + Galactose = ?

  Lactose + Water
• Glucose + Fructose = ?

  Sucrose + Water
• Starch is made of Alpha Glucose
• Amylose has a 1-4 Glycosidic Bonds
• Amylopectin has 1-4 and 1-6 Glycosidic Bonds
• Starch is stored in plant cells e.g. chloroplasts
• Amylose is an unbranched helix, compact, stores lots in a small area
• Amylopectin is branched for rapid hydrolysis and is insoluble
• Cellulose is used as structure for cell walls
• Cellulose is made of Beta Glucose
• Cellulose is made of 1-4 Glycosidic Bonds
• Cellulose is found in plant cell walls
• Cellulose are long, straight chains of beta glucose with many H-bonds to form parallel fibrils
• Cellulose having many H-bonds create a collective strength and an insoluble structure
• Glycogen is used as a store of glucose
• Glycogen is made up of Alpha Glucose
• Glycogen is made up of 1-4 and 1-6 Glycosidic Bonds
• Glycogen is mainly found in muscle and liver
• Glycogen has a highly branched structure, increasing surface area for rapid hydrolysis, is insoluble