neuroanatomy of the brain

Cards (18)

  • peripheral nervous system -
    • afferent neurones - recieve and trabsmit
    info from environment to CNS
    • efferent neurones - transmit info generated in CNS to periphery
  • functions of brain
    ·       processing information
    ·       Planning, initiating movement
    ·       Posture and balance
    ·       Autonomic functions – breathing
    ·       Regulating emotions
    ·       Make decisions
    ·       Learn/ memory
  • orientations of the brain
    dorsal - top of brain
    ventral - bottom
    front - rostral
    back - caudal
  • Meninges
    Dura -
    • outer layer
    • directly underneath bones of skull
    • tough and thick
    • surrounds brain and spinal cord
  • Meninges:
    Arachnoid
    • middle layer
    • spider web appearance
    • thin, transparent membrane
    • sits over grooves in brain and spinal cord
  • meninges
    pia-
    • inner layer
    • very thin membrane
    • adheres close to surface of brain and spinal cord - follows the grooves
  • grey matter - cell bodies and terminals
    white matter - myelinated axons
  • corpus callosum
    white matter tract
    connects two hemispheres
    largest tract
  • brain divisions
    forebrain
    midbrain
    hindbrain (pons, medulla, cerebellum)
    brainstem
  • cerebrum
    outer folded part of the brain = cortex
  • cerebrum
    outer folded part of the brain = cortex
    bumps = gyrus
    grooves = sulci
    large S.A so neurones can fit
  • Diencephalon
    thalamus and hypothalamus
    • thalamus - relay centre for information
    goes up through brain, removing useless information
    • hypothalamus - controls homeostasis - connected to pituitary gland
  • midbrain
    small area
    processes auditor and visual information
    sends motor information to the eye
  • PONS
    below midbrain
    connector between cerebellum and main cerebrum
  • medulla
    connecting spinal cord to main cerebrum
    -          Allows sensory to come up to brain and motor to leave brain
    -          Sensory – dorsa side
    -          Motor – ventral side
  • cerebellum
    back of brain:
    • folded - cerebellum cortex - white and grey matter
    • co ordinates movement
    • receives sensory neurones
  • ventricles
    holes in brain - 4 of them
    connected to each other
    -          CSF – where it flows through – carries proteins and removed waste
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves