ICT exam review

• F10


  Move forward 10
• B20


  Move backward 20
• L90


  Turn left 90 degrees
• R90


  Turn right 90 degrees
• Instructions to draw a shape and return to original position and direction

  1. Start

  2. F8

  3. L90

  4. F8

  5. L90

  6. F8

  7. L90

  8. F8

  9. L90

  10. Stop
• algorithm- A list of step-by-step instructions that the computer follows to get a task done.
• command- An instruction given to tell a computer what to do.
• debug- To find, remove, or correct errors in a computer program.
• instruction- Something that somebody tells you to do. It can also be an order given to a computer.
• program- A set of instructions given to a computer so that it can function properly.
• rectilinear shape- A shape with any number of straight sides where all the angles are right angles.
• Debugging

  When you create an algorithm it is

  important to test it to see if it works.

  If there is an error, the algorithm will

  not work correctly. You

  will need to debug the

  algorithm and then

  test it again.
• Software – the set of instructions that a computer needs to carry out different tasks.
• There are two main types of software. They are:

  1. System Software

  2. Application Software
• SYSTEM SOFTWARE

  • Manages and supports the use of the resources (hardware) and operations of a computer system.

  • These programs enable application software to run and communicate with the hardware.

  • Four categories or system Software are:

  o Operating System

  o Utility Programs

  o Device Drivers

  o Translation Programs
• Basic tasks performed by software

  • File management
  • Memory management
  • Input/output device management
  • Providing a friendly user interface
• File management


  1. Create files

  2. Name files

  3. Rename files

  4. Delete files

  5. Maintaining directory structure of folders inside other folders and files inside folders
• Memory management


  1. Allocates the use of primary and secondary memory

  2. Manages how much memory is allocated to run an application programs

  3. Manages where files are stored permanently in your computer system
• Input/output device management


  1. Uses device drivers

  2. Provides communication between hardware and application software

  3. Example: Printing a file from Microsoft Word to a printer requires the printer driver to be installed on the computer's operating system
• Friendly user interface


  A way for the user to interact with the computer system
• Main types of software interfaces


  • Command driven
  • Menu driven
  • Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Provides security

  
  

  Allows users to have usernames and passwords to enter the computer system.
• Some examples of Operating System Software include:

  WINDOWS 11

  WINDOWS 10

  WINDOWS 8.1

  WINDOWS 8

  WINDOWS VISTA

  WINDOWS XP

  WINDOWS 7

  WINDOWS ME (Millennium edition)

  WINDOWS 2000

  WINDOWS 95

  MAC OS X

  CHROME

  ANDROID
• Windows desktop

  The first thing you see when you start up (BOOT) the computer
• Windows desktop

  • Uses a GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
  • Uses WIMP to communicate with the user
• Window

  A rectangular window that is used to display the contents of an application for the user to view and interact with
• Icons


  Small icons on the screen that represent a file, folder or program on your computer
• Menus


  Displays a set of options for the user to choose
• Pointing devices

  The mouse moves the cursor along the screen and is controlled by the user
• Buttons in every opened window

  • Minimize
  • Maximize
  • Restore
  • Close
• Minimize button


  This button is seen all the time
• Maximize button


  This button is only seen when the window only occupies part of the screen
• Restore button


  This button is only seen when the window is already occupying the whole screen
• Close button


  This button is seen all the time
• The parts of a file name

  
• Understanding file extensions is important for developers, as it allows them to identify the type of file and the appropriate software to open it.

  
• Some examples are:

  
• File

  Data stored on a hard drive or other storage media as a separate entity
• File

  • Always has a name
  • Always takes up storage space
  • Always saved in a certain format
  • Contains information on when it was created and last modified
  • Usually have access rights
  • Saved on user's own computer or in a remote location
• Directory/Folder

  Place where files or other directories are saved