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• timeline in which medical entomology was recognized

  19th century
• -First to demonstrate pathogen transmission by a blood feeding arthropod


  PATRICK MANSON(1877)
• -Implicated that cattle tick ( Rhipicephalus annulatus) as a vector of Babesia bigemina, the causative agent of

  Texas cattle fever.

  THEOBALD SMITH & F. KILBOURNE(1891)
• -Demonstrated the role of mosquitoes as vectors of avian malarial parasites from diseased to healthy sparrows.

  RONALD ROSS(1898)
• -presented persuasive evidence for his theory that what we know today as the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes

  aegypti, was the vector of this virus.

  CARLOS FINLAY(1881)
• -led the US Yellow Fever Commission at Havana, Cuba, which proved A. aegypti to be the principal vector of

  yellow fever virus.

  WALTER REED(1900)
• -demonstrated the ability of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis to transmit, during blood feeding, the trypanosomes

  that cause African trypanosomiasis.

  DAVID BRUCE(1903)
• -proved that the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni, is a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the

  causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

  HOWARD TAYLOR RICKETTS(1906)
• -responsible for the discovery of chagas disease. It is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is

  transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors.

  CARLOS CHAGAS(1908)
• TYPES OF PROBLEMS CAUSED BY ARTHROPODS

  Annoyance AND Allergic

  Reactions
• Annoyance


  Pest Presence/Biting and Nuisance Behavior/

  Allegies and Sensitivites/Impact on Outdoor Activities/

  Noise and Distrubance/Invasion of Living Spaces
• involves no skin reaction but leads to the development of hypersensitivity.

  Stage 1
• delayed-hypersensitivity reaction.


  Stage 2
• immediate-sensitivity reaction followed by a delayed- hypersensitivity

  reaction.


  Stage 3
• an immediate reaction only.


  Stage 4
• again involves no reaction (i.e., the victim becomes desensitized).

  Stage 5
• changes observed show how the body's

  defense system (immune response) adapts over time when repeatedly exposed to the same bug (arthropod).
• injected via stings and bites

  venom
• is consumed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin

  poison
• plants, fungi, amphibians, chemicals

  poisonous
• bites or stings


  venomous
• CONTAIN toxins, which are chemicals that

  cause harm to living organisms.

  venom and poison
• actively delivered into the

  body, while poison is passively

  delivered.

  venom
• Bees, jellyfish, and some snakes

  venomous
• mushrooms,

  berries, and the skin of some frogs

  poisonous
• delivered via modified

  ovipositor

  venom
• stings are barbed and used

  once

  honeybee
• stings are smooth and

  used repeatedly

  wasps and ant
• Mites

  enter the skin or

  related hair. Follicles and

  dermal glands. Others infest

  the nasal passages; lungs

  and air sacs, cloaca,

  stomach, intestines, and

  others. sections of their

  hosts' alimentary tracts.
• most common kind of arthropod-host invasion

  myiasis
• Stomach, Throat, Nasal passages, Ovarious subdermal sites


  myiasis
• Scabies mites

  Follicle mites

  Nasal mites

  Lung mites

  and a variety of other mites that infest

  both domestic and wild birds and

  mammals.

  examples of mites invading of host
• An irrational and

  persistent fear of insect

  Entomophobia
• falls under the subcategory of an animal-

  type specific phobia.

  entomophobia
• (fear of bees)

  Apiphobia or melissaphobia
• (fear of roaches)

  Katsaridaphobia
• (fear of ants)

  Myrmecophobia
• (fear of flies)

  Pteronarcophobia
• (fear of wasps)

  Spheksophobia
• (fear of butterflies)

  Lepidopterophobia