Diet

• Carbohydrates include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
• Deficiency in Vitamin C

  Causes people to go scurvy.
• Eating too much sugar

  Causes diabetes
• Why do we need protein?

  We need protein for growth and to repair our cells
• If you consume too much fats...

  It will lead to obesity, heart disease and diabetes.
• If you don't have enough fibre...

  It can lead to constipation
• What happens when you don't drink water?

  You will become dehydrated, which is bad for your kidneys and skin.
• Drinking too much water will lead to over hydration
• Too much salt leads to high blood pressure.
• Without iron in your body, you will become weak and pale.
• Calcium strengthens teeth and bones.
• A lack of vitamin D causes rickets (weak bones).
• Vitamin C helps with the absorption of iron into the bloodstream.
• Vitamin C helps with the absorption of iron.
• Food groups are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
• This is a balanced diet.

  
• Protein is found in meat, fish, eggs, beans and nuts.
• Carbohydrates are sugars found in foods such as bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, fruit and vegetables.
• Fat is found in oils, butter, cheese, chocolate and biscuits.
• The seven essential nutrients: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber
• Vitamin A - helps maintain healthy skin, vision, bones, teeth, and mucous membranes; found in liver, carrots, spinach, sweet potato, broccoli, and milk
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) - important for growth and repair; found in dairy products, liver, kidney, heart, and yeast extract
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) - important for energy release from food; found in wholegrain cereals, pork, yeast extract, peas, and green leafy vegetables
• Vitamin C - important for the immune system; found in citrus fruits, strawberries, blackcurrants, peppers, cabbage, and sprouts
• Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are considered macronutrients because they are required in larger quantities. (macro = big)
• Vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients because they are required in smaller quantities. (micro = small)
• Fibre:

  • Mainly used to help food move through the digestive system. ​
  • Is the indigestible portion of the food we eat.​
  • Sources include lentils, fruits, vegetables. 
• Fats:​

  • Mainly used as energy store, as insulation and to make cell membranes​
  • Sources include meats, butter, cheese, nuts, milk
• Carbohydrates:​

  • Mainly used as energy source​
  • 2 main categories: ​
  • Complex carbohydrates (found in rice, pasta, bread, potatoes)​
  • Simple carbohydrates (chocolate, fruits, cakes)
• Complex carbohydrates have more energy in them compared to simple carbohydrates
• Water is essential because it helps with chemical reactions that occur within our body. It also acts as a lubricant between joints and helps transport nutrients around the body.
• Protein:​

  • Mainly used to make new cells or repair damaged cells​
  • Broken down into amino acids by the digestive system ​
  • Sources include fish, chicken, legumes and tofu
• A balanced diet contains all the necessary nutrients required by the human body. This includes vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fibres.
• Vitamins are organic compounds which cannot be synthesised by the human body so they must come from dietary sources. They act as co-enzymes and catalysts in metabolic pathways.
• There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-soluble
• There are Twelve vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, E, K
• Fat soluble vitamins can dissolve in lipid bilayers and are stored in adipose tissue. These vitamins do not need to be consumed daily but overconsumption can lead to toxicity. Fat soluble vitamins include Vitamin A, D, E & K
• if you eat too much carbohydrates, your blood glucose levels will rise
• If you consume too little protein, your body will break down muscle tissue for energy.
• Kwashiorkor: a form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet, typically affecting young children in the tropics.