chap 4.1 enzymes

• biological catalysts

  • they are large biological molecules called enzymes.
• A catalyst is a substance that can speed up a chemical reaction, without itself being chemically changes at the end of the reaction.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts

  • enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. They catalyse or speed up the rate of chemical reactions and they remain unchanged at the end of the reaction.
• enzymes lower activation energy!

  activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
• enzymes provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy required to start a chemical reaction. They lower the height of the graph as they sped up the rate of reaction by lowering activation energy.

  
• graph for activaion energy

  
• what reactions do enzymes catalyse?

  • amylase - digests starch to maltose
  • maltase - digests maltose to glucose
  • protease - digests proteins to polypeptides then to amino acids
  • lipase - digests fats to fatty acids and glycerol
• how are enzymes called?

  • carbohydrases are enzymes that digest carbohydrates
  • proteases are enzymes that digest proteins
  • lipases are enzymes hat digest fats (lipids)