Rizal

• Bagumbayan


  Luneta Park
• Republic Act 1425


  Also known as the Rizal Law, enacted on June 12, 1956, sponsored and authored mainly by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel and Senator Claro M. Recto
• Republic Act No. 1425 was an act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes
• Senator Claro M. Recto proposed the Senate Bill No. 438, submitted it to the Senate Committee on Education


  April 3, 1956
• Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr. sponsored the Bill in the senate


  April 17, 1956
• Catholic Church opposition to the Rizal Law


  • Jose Rizal criticized the Catholic Church
  • The two novels are offensive to the church
  • Impairs freedom of speech and religious freedom
  • Catholic Schools were also threaten
• Substitute Bill


  • Include other more writings of Rizal
  • Readings of Rizal's finished novels become optional
  • Unexpurgated versions of the novels will be mandatory to read for college students
• The rationale behind the enactment of the Rizal Law was to rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died, to play tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works for shaping the Filipino character, and to gain an inspiring source of patriotism thru the study of Rizal's life, works and writings
• The 19th century was a time of immense economic, social, and political change in the world, commonly known as the Age of Revolution
• Economic context of 19th century Philippines

  • Abandonment of Mercantilism
  • During pre colonial period, we already practice trading system with different Asian countries
  • All trade should be conducted within a certain country and its colonies
  • Galleon Trade was a government monopoly
  • Opening of Suez Canal, a period of rapid economic growth
  • Shift towards laissez faire or free market trade
  • The Philippines face a prosperous opportunity, our country became a supplier of raw materials for the industries, we transform into cash crop agriculture
  • Tobacco industry under General Jose Basco's time, first tobacco monopoly was established in 1871
• Social context of 19th century Philippines

  • Filipinos were treated as slaves, they rendered Polo y Servicio (16-60 males) 40 days, Falla-payment to be exempted from Polo
  • Social classes: Peninsulares, Insulares, Ilustrados, Creole, Indio
• Cultural context of 19th century Philippines

  • Education was mainly focused on religion, run by Jesuits for male teachers in Manila
  • The Educational Decree of 1863 established primary schools in each town
  • Boys: Colegios, Girls: Beaterious
• Political context of 19th century Philippines

  • Filipinos' call for democracy
  • Filipinos were often treated unfairly, and justice was costly, partial, and slow
  • Merit was not based on capabilities or qualifications but on wealth, race, and connections
  • Spanish Colonial government in the Philippines was highly centralized
• "Those who cannot remember the PAST are condemned to repeat it." - George Santayana (The Life of Reason)
• Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda


  Also known as "Pepe" from St. Joseph P.P. - In Latin, Pater Putativus, which means "putative father"
• Rizal's birth was not easy, as his mother struggled due to the size of his head, but they both survived
• At age 3, Rizal learned the alphabet using Cartilla, and at age 5 he could read and write
• Rizal wrote the poem "In Memory of my Hometown" about his love for his hometown
• Rizal had pets named Usman (big black dog) and Alipato (pony)
• Animals named after Rizal: Draco Rizali (lizard), Apogonia Rizali (beetle), Rhacophorus Rizali (frog)
• Polyglot


  Rizal knew more or less 22 languages including Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanon, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian
• Polymath


  Rizal had an extensive scope of knowledge and was intelligent in numerous subjects
• Teodora Alonso


  Rizal's mother, known as "Donya Lolay", a woman with a high culture and Rizal's first teacher
• Francisco Mercado


  Rizal's father, known as "Don Kiko", a hardworking and progressive farmer
• Saturnina


  Rizal's oldest child, nicknamed "Neneng", the heroes second mother
• Paciano


  Rizal's only brother and confidant, nicknamed "Lolo Ciano", the heroes second father who did not want to be photographed
• Narcisa


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Sisa", who found the unmarked grave of her brother in the abandoned Old Paco Cemetery, a "Hospitable Sister of the Hero"
• Olympia


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Ypia", a mediator between Rizal and his schoolmate Segunda Katigbak
• Lucia


  Rizal's sister, a "Partaker of the Heroes Sufferings", married to Marciano Herbosa who died of Cholera
• Maria


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Biang", planned for Rizal to marry Josephine Bracken, a recipient of many of Rizal's letters
• Jose


  Rizal's brother, nicknamed "Pepe"
• Concepcion


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Concha", died at 3 years old due to heart failure, the first sorrow of Rizal
• Josefa


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Panggo", unmarried and lived together with her younger sister Trinidad
• Trinidad


  Rizal's sister, nicknamed "Trining", unmarried and lived together with her sister Josefa, the last family to die, the Custodian of the Heroes Greatest Poem
• Soledad


  Rizal's youngest sister, nicknamed "Choleng", the best-educated among Rizal's sisters
• Rizal's private tutors were Leon Monroy and Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
• Rizal was known as a "Little Sir" and faced bullies like Pedro and Andres Salandanan
• Rizal took the entrance examination at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran but was enrolled at Ateneo Municipal de Manila instead
• Rizal enrolled in the six year "Bachiller en Artes" program at Ateneo which exposed students to Christian doctrine, languages, history and geography, mathematics and sciences, and classic disciplines
• At Ateneo, the class was divided into two competing groups: the Carthaginian Empire (non-boarding students) and the Roman Empire (boarding students)