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• Classification


  The process of arranging organisms into groups using similar characteristics
• Classification


  • Based on key characters/features used in groupings
• Benefits of Classifying Organisms

  • Shows evolutionary relationships
  • Accurately & uniformly name organisms
  • Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that are not really fish
  • Uses the same language (Latin) for all names
  • Prevents duplicate names because all names must be approved by International Naming Congresses naming rules are followed called the International Code for Binomial Nomenclature
• Taxonomy


  The practice of categorizing and naming of species
• Taxonomy


  • It is a major part of systematics that includes description, identification, nomenclature, and classification
  • It derived from the Greek word "taxis" meaning arrangement or division, and "nomos" means method
• Early Taxonomic System


  The system of biological classification developed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
• Aristotle was the taxonomy's first father; sometimes called the "father of science"
• Aristotle's classification system


  • He introduced the two key concepts of taxonomy as we practice it today: classification of organisms by type and binomial definition
  • He classified all the organisms he knew into two groups: plants (bloodless) and animals (with blood)
  • He subdivided plants into three groups, herbs, shrubs, and trees, depending on the size and structure of a plant
  • He also grouped animals according to various characteristics, including their habitat and physical differences
• Hydra are animals that are very small---a few millimeters in length. They live in fresh water. They can viciously attack and eat their tiny swimming prey, and they can reproduce by budding an identical offspring on themselves.
• Hydra might not be thought of as an animal at first glance.
• Taxonomy


  The naming and classification of species
• Much of the credit for starting a formal classification goes to Carl Linnaeus.
• Domains


  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
• Bacteria


  • Prokaryotes, can include bacteria that make you sick, bacteria in your intestines helping digest, bacteria helping with decomposing, bacteria fixing nitrogen in the soil
• Archaea


  • Prokaryotes with major DNA and structure differences from bacteria, many are extremophiles that like extreme environments
• Eukarya


  • Eukaryotes with characteristics common for eukaryotes
• Kingdoms


  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
• Protista


  • Extremely diverse, include "animal-like", "plant-like", and "fungi-like" protists, can be autotrophs or heterotrophs, can be unicellular or multicellular
• Fungi


  • Heterotrophs, usually multicellular but can be unicellular, have cell walls made of chitin
• Plantae


  • Autotrophs, multicellular, have cell walls of cellulose
• Animalia


  • Mostly multicellular and heterotrophic kingdom
• Binomial nomenclature


  The two-part naming system for species, using Latin or Greek roots, with the genus name capitalized and in italics and the specific epithet in lowercase and italics
• Scientific names are specific and recognized regardless of location, unlike common names which can vary.