PCOG LAB MIDTERMS GLYCOSIDES

• Glycosides are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and are contained in various fruits, pigments of flowers, seeds, bark and exudation of plants.
• Glycosides of animal origin are rare. The aglycone fractions are mostly cyclic or aromatic structures, also including steroid structures.
• Flavanoid are phenolic plant pigments generally containing y-benzopyrone
• includes anthocyanins and leucothocyanins
• Other flavonoids are catechin, aurone, chalcone
• Flavanoid glycosides are yellow pigment in flowers and plants which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-thrombotic, and vasoprotective properties
• These plant constituents exert anti-oxidant effect on free radicals in the body
• The glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidal linkage, and by the aglycone.
• Test for Saponin Glycosides

  • Froth Test
  • Lieberman-Burchard Test
• Forth test (+) result is formation of Froth while (-) result froth doesn't occur
• Lieberman-Burchard for unsaturated sterols and triterpenes
• (+) in Liebermann-Burchard Test is blue to green, red, pink, purple, or violet
• Test for Cardenolides and Bufadienolides

  • Keller-Killani Test
• Keller-Killani is Test for 2-deoxy sugars
• (+) result of Keller-Killani Test is reddish-brown that may turn to Blue or Purple
• Test for Flavanoids

  • Bate-Smith-and-Metcalf
  • Wilstatter"Cyanidin" Test
• Bate-Smith-and-Metcalf is test for leucoanthocyanins
• (+) result of BSM is strong red or red
• Wilstatter"cyanidin" is test for y-benzopyrone nucleus
• (+) result of Wilstatter"Cyanidin" Test are color range from Orange to Red, to Crimsom to Magenta, occ. Green or Blue
• Test for Anthraquinone

  • Borntragrer Test
  • Modified Borntrager Test
• (+) result of Borntrager Test is red coloration in lower ammonical layer
• (+) result of Modified Borntrager Test is pink color