conduction heat transfer through stationary matter by physical contact
convection heat transfer by the macroscopic movement of fluid
emissivity measure of how well an object radiates
greenhouse effect warming of the Earth that is due to gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that absorb infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface and reradiate it in all directions, thus sending a fraction of it back toward the surface of the Earth
heat the spontaneous transfer of energy due to a temperature difference
heat of sublimation the energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the vapor phase
kilocalorie 1k to 1000 calorie
latent heat coefficient a physical constant equal to the amount of heat transferred for every 1 kg of a substance during the change in phase of the substance
mechanical equivalent of heat the work needed to produce the same effects as heat transfer
net rate of heat transfer by radiation is
R factor the ratio of thickness to the conductivity of a material
radiation energy transferred by electromagnetic waves directly as a result of a temperature difference
radiation heat transfer which occurs when microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, or other electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed
rate of conductive heat transfer rate of heat transfer from one material to another
specific heat the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1.00 kg of a substance by 1.00 ºC
Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation where is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, is the surface area of the object, is the absolute temperature, and is the emissivity
sublimation the transition from the solid phase to the vapor phase
thermal conductivity the property of a material’s ability to conduct heat
thermal conductivity the property that determines how easily thermal energy can be conducted through an object