Stalin

• From 1931 there was a retreat from modernism and traditional Russian culture was re-emphasised
• From 1932 the doctrine of social realism dictated what could be produced. Anything bourgeois was forbidden
• Censorship prevented writers like Boris Pasternak from publishing and others like Osip Mandelston were arrested
• Organisations like the Union of Writers and Union or Composters controlled publications
• During the war there was some relaxation, but after, the Party imposed strict control over the arts once more- including the cultural purge. The Zhdanovshchina aimed to eliminate all Western influences from Soviet culture
• During GPW all adults under 55 were mobilised for war