Social studies

• Angles - Germanic tribe who settled in England called “angleland” or “ land of the angles”
• Monarchs - a person who rules a kingdom or empire
• King Alfred the great

  • united the kingdoms of england
  • hired writers for the Anglo-saxon chronicles
• Shire-reeve (sheriff) - representatives of the king
• William the conqueror

  • adopted a feudal system
  • domesday Book
• Domesday - a book containing information about every period which no one can hide from
• Royal exchequer - tax collector
• Henry II - Williams successor
• Common law - a unified justice system
• Jury - it consists of group of men tasked to tell the truth
• Thomas becket - was murdered by four knights of king Henry II
• Chaucer - is a collection of stories told by groups of pilgrims
• King John

  • had conflict with pope innocent III
  • forced to sign the magna carta or the great charter
• King Edward I - created the model parliament
• Parliament - french word “parler“ meaning “to talk”
• House of Commons - consists of knights and middle-class
• House of lords - consists of clergy and nobles
• Louise the child - his death caused the eastern territory to divide into five duchies
• Henry the Fowler - united the dutchies
• Otto the great - formed an alliance with the Church by granting bishops power in territories in exchange for money aid for the kingdom’s army.
• Pope Gregory VII - prohibited the practice of lay investiture in 1075.
• Frederick Barbarossa - ”red beard”
• Moors - term used by Christians to refer to the muslims
• Song of Roland - a poem about the knight Roland who led and army across the Pyrenees mountains to the city of saragossa in spain
• Reconquista (reconques) - military campaign to free southern Portuguese and Spanish lands from 8th-century Muslim rule.
• Three christian kingdoms - castile, Leon, Aragon
• Cortes - gatherings of clergy, nobles, and townspeople with the authority to create laws and ask for taxes from their subjects.
• Boleslaw I - helped spread Christianity
• Queen jadwiga - she married Duke of Lithuania wladyslav jagiello
• The Magyars - occupied most parts of Hungary, they lived as nomads in Central Asia.
• Arpad - Chief of the Magyars, he led them in their migration to Europe
• Stephen I - started feudalism in Hungary
• Rus - group of vikings that migrated to the Eastern part of Europe.
• Princess olga - converted to Christianity when she visited Constantinople
• Vladimir I - married a Byzantine princess and made Eastern Orthodox as the state religion of Kievan Russians.
• Bubonic plague

  • known as Black Death
  • The Church viewed it as God's
  • curse due to worldly behaviors in towns and cities.
  • only affected europe
• Bubonic plague - known as “black death”
• Hundred years war - fought between England and France
• Renaissance

  • meaning “ rebirth”
  • transition between the medieval and early modern period
• Location - melting pot of ideas