plant nutrition

• refers to the supply and absorption

  of chemical compounds for the growth

  and metabolism of plants. These

  chemical compounds for the growth are known as plant nutrients or essential elements

  plant nutrition
• Boron

  cell wall synthesis; root development
• Calcium


  one of the structural component of the cell wall
• Chlorine


  stomatal opening regulation
• Magnesium


  chlorophyll synthesis
• Nutrition 


  general plant growth of roots, stem, leaf, flower and fruits
• Plant hormone plays an important

  role in plant defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Not only do these plant hormones perform such function, but they also regulate the development and signal networks in plants.
• promote stem

  elongation, (maintains

  apical dominance).

  They are produced in

  the stem, buds, and

  root tips.

  Auxin
• Auxin 


  This produces a

  curving of the plant

  stem tip toward the

  light, a plant

  movement known

  as phototropism.
• Gibberllins


  It promotes stem

  elongation (found mostly in

  the nodes),fruit enlargement,

  flowering, sex expression,

  germination, leaf and fruit

  senescence (biological

  aging), and parthenocarpy.
• Cytokinin


  This plant hormone

  promotes cell division

  (cytokinesis). They are

  produced in growing areas,

  such as meristems at tip of

  the shoot which results into

  branching
• Cytokinin 


  also helps in the

  chloroplast formation.
• Cytokinin 


  works with ethylene to

  cause the abscission of

  leaves, fruits, and flowers.
• Ethylene


  a gas that is

  released by the plants

  that helps in the

  ripening of fruits. (fruit

  ripening hormone)
• Ethylene


  Causes the cell

  wall to break resulting it

  to become softer. It can

  also release the stored

  sugar making the fruit

  sweet.
• Abscisic Acid 


  A plant hormone

  that causes leaf

  detachment, induces

  seed and bud dormancy,

  and inhibits germination

  (growth / metabolism).
• Abscisic acid


  also called stress hormones as it

  triggers various responses in plants

  against stress conditions. It increases the

  tolerance of plants toward various stresses

  like the closure of stomata.
• Dormancy is a

  mechanism to prevent

  germination during

  unsuitable ecological

  conditions, when the

  probability of seedling

  survival is low.
• The word “Parthenocarpy” came from

  Greek, meaning“virgin fruit
• Parthenocarpy produces seedless fruit
• Parthenocarpy causes ovaries to

  mature without fertilization and can

  somehow produce bigger fruits.
• Parthenocarpy allows the grower to keep

  insect pests from his crop without chemicals.
• Keep in mind that in natural environments, plants are bombarded with multiple biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, plants utilize a combination of complex regulatory mechanisms to ensure an efficient defense response against various pathogens, pests, and other environmental stress.