Geography

• Birth rate (BR)


  The number of births per 1000 people a year
• Death rate (DR)


  The number of deaths per 1000 people a year
• Natural increase/change


  The difference between BR and DR
• Over time as countries get richer the birth rate decreases
• Over time the death rate has dropped because there is more advanced medical care, but it does not matter if the country is richer or poorer
• Niger


  • Very high BR and low DR
  • Average life expectancy is 54 years old
  • It is very hot and dry, but not a desert. It has enough rainfall to grow agriculture
  • But it does not rain enough to have for people you could not store the water
  • Average woman has 6.8 babies in her lifetime (high fertility rate)
• Lagos


  A city in Niger
• Why is it difficult to persuade people in Niger to have smaller families?

  Having many children can help with the chores and work load of families
• The death rates are decreasing because they are having better medicine and access to health care so they are healthier
• Migration


  Movement of people from one place to another
• Migrant


  Someone who moved from one place to another
• Emigration


  Moving out of a country
• Immigration


  Moving into a country
• Push factor


  Makes/pushes you to leave your country from disadvantages
• Pull factor


  Moving to somewhere for the advantages
• Push factors


  • Drought (not enough water)
  • Not enough housing
  • Not enough healthcare
  • No electricity
  • Natural disaster
• Pull factors


  • No war
  • Better schooling
  • Better job opportunities
  • Lower crime rate
  • Attractive environment
• Refugee


  Somebody who has been forced to leave their country
• Asylum seeker


  A refugee who applies to stay indefinitely in the new country they have moved
• The population of Qatar increased from approximately 50,000 in 1990 to 650,000 in 2000
• The current population of Qatar is 1,360,000
• The gender balance in Qatar is not equal, there are a lot more males than females due to migration, as more males migrate to Qatar than females to find better jobs
• Positive impacts of migration for the home country (India)

  • Overpopulation will decrease
  • Remittance meaning less poverty
  • Skills learned and brought back to India
• Negative impacts of migration for the home country (India)

  • Less young workers to help out with the work
  • Poor working conditions
  • Families separated
• Positive impacts of migration for the host country (Qatar)

  • Health care is better
  • Better education
  • Cheap labor
  • Advancing cities
• Negative impacts of migration for the host country (Qatar)


  • More workers in Qatar create an imbalance in the population
  • Illnesses are spread from around the world
  • Depend highly on foreign workers
• Birth rate


  The number of births per thousand per year
• Death rate


  The number of deaths per thousand per year
• Concave


  When the sides of the pyramid cave inward
• Convex


  When the sides of the pyramids bulge outwards
• Apex


  The top of the pyramid
• Before the 1930s, Qatar was poor but then found oil, so they became rich very quickly
• Qatar needs to build quickly so they encourage people to migrate from India
• There are not enough children to fill in the work needed and the older people will need people to work
• Immigration is a key factor in Qatar's population growth
• Young dependents


  People who are young and depend on society to help them
• Old dependents


  People who are old and depend on society to help them
• In Afghanistan, there are not a lot of old people but a lot of working class and a lot of kids
• The USA has a high working class population
• Japan has a high working population and a high old people population