Biology

• Name the 8 life processes


  Movement, Respiration, Stimulation and response, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
• Name all the parts of a plant cell

  Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cytoplasm
• Name all the parts of an animal cell

  Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
• What is a pathogen?

  A microorganism that causes disease
• What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic?

  Eukaryotic has a nucleus and prokaryotic does not have a nucleus
• What does the cell membrane do?

  Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• What does the nucleus do?

  Contains DNA
• What does the cell wall do?

  supports and protects the cell
• What does the cytoplasm do?

  Jelly like substance that holds organelles in place
• What does the mitochondria do?


  produces energy
• What does the ribosome do?

  Makes proteins
• What do chloroplasts do?

  photosynthesis
• What does the vacuole do?

  Stores cell sap
• What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't?

  cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole
• Name the levels of organization

  organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system
• What are enzymes?


  biological catalysts that speed up reactions
• How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

  Temperature increases enzyme activity.
• Explain the lock and key model

  The substrate fits exactly into the active site as their shapes are complementary, reaction occurs and then repeats
• What is diffusion?


  The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• What is osmosis?


  diffusion of water
• What is active transport?


  movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, low to high
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
• Name 3 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

  light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide
• Name 3 ways the structure of the leaf adapted for its function?

  Upper epidermis is transparent to let light in, waxy cuticle is waterproof and large surface area to allow more light absorption
• What is the pondweed experiment?

  Pondweed is submerged in water, a light source will be placed at a measured distance and the bubbles will be counted within a certain period to indicate the oxygen produced. Move light and test again.
• What is ATP?


  energy saved for when the demand of energy increases
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, and anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
• How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

  thin walls and large surface area
• What is the function of red blood cells?

  transport oxygen
• What is the function of white blood cells?

  fight diseases/pathogens
• What is the function of plasma?


  The liquid component of blood, this carries dissolved substances around the body
• What is the function of platelets?

  Prevents blood clotting
• How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?

  No nucleus, biconcave disc shape and flexible
• Name the chambers of the heart

  right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
• What is the difference between artery, capillary and a vein?

  An artery has thick walls and a thin hoe and carries blood away from the heart. A capillary is one cell thick and carries blood to the organs. A vein has thin walls and valves and carries blood to the heart
• Explain how blood flows through the heart

  De-oxygenated enters through the right atrium into the right ventricle where it leaves and come back into the left atrium where is is now oxygenated
• What is asexual reproduction?

  The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
• How are insect pollinated flowers adapted to attract insects?

  Large and colourful, enclosed insides so insect has to make contact and contains nectar as a reward for the insect.
• What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?

  A dominant allele shows whenever it is present. A recessive allele shows only if no dominant alleles are present.