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Chemistry
Ammonia and fertilisers
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Charlotte Tanner
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Cards (16)
The Haber process
1.
Purified
gases passed over iron
catalyst
at high temperature and high pressure
2. Ammonia liquefies on
cooling
and is
removed
3. Remaining hydrogen and nitrogen
recycled
Reversible reaction
Reaction where products can react to produce
original
reactants
Dynamic equilibrium
When
forward
and
reverse
reactions occur at
exactly the same rate
in a
closed system
The
Haber
process
Compromise in
temperature
and
pressure
to balance rate and yield
High
pressure favours
forward
reaction but is dangerous
Low temperature favours
forward
reaction but gives
slow
rate
Preparation of ammonium sulfate
1. Add
ammonia
solution to
dilute
sulfuric acid
2. Test with
universal indicator
to ensure neutral
3.
Evaporate
to
concentrate
solution
4. Cool until
crystals
form and
dry
sample
Phosphate rock treated with acid
Nitric
acid produces
calcium nitrate
Sulfuric
acid produces
single superphosphate
(SSP)
Phosphoric
acid produces
triple superphosphate
(TSP)
what are the conditions needed for the Haber process?
High pressure of 400 atmospheres, iron catalyst, and high temperature of 450 degrees
how do you get the reactants for the Haber process?
Nitrogen
is got through the
air
and
hydrogen
is got by using
natural gases
what are the main features in fertilisers?
Nitrogen
,
phosphorus,
potassium
how are potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and phosphate rock obtained?
Potassium chloride:
Mining
Potassium sulfate:
Chemical
synthesis Phosphate rock: Mining
what does phosphate rock treated with nitric acid produce?
calcium nitrate
what does phosphate rock treated with sulfuric acid produce?
single superphosphosphate
what does phosphate rock treated with phosphoric acid produce?
triple superphosphate
what is the symbol equation for the ammonia reaction?
NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3
in the Haber process are there more moles of gas on the left or the right?
On the left
Is the Haber process exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic