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English Language Paper 2
3.0 Language and People
3.5 Language and Ethnicity
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History of Immigration to Britain:
Norman Invasion
in
11th century
-
French
was main language.
African musicians
recorded living in
Britain
in
1500s.
Slave Trade mant the arrival of more African's in 16th and 17th century.
Irish is largest ethnic group to move to UK and has affected Liverpudlian accent and dialect.
Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi are in the UK in large numbers.
Creole
- A variety that has developed from 'pidgin' or trade language to become a stable language used by speakers as their mother tongue.
Popular in
Jamaica
Influx of Jamaican speakers in mid-20th century due to Windrush.
Bucholtz
(2001) - Studied
'white nerds'
who deliberately
distanced
themselves from
'cooler' black speech
styles.
Ben Rampton
(2010) - Stated that
Creole
was widely 'seen as
cool
,
tough
and
good
to use.'
He went on to say it was associated with
'assertiveness
,
verbal resourcefulness
and
competence
in
heterosexual relationships.'
Roger Hewitt
(1986) +
Mark Sebba
(1993) - Identified the development of
'Black Cockney'
, a style used by black speakers in
London
,
John Pitts
(2012) - Identified that some
black English
speakers were
rebelling
against
mainstream society
as they felt
ignored.
British Black English
(
BBE
) - Often used to refer to a variety used by some speakkers within the Caribbean community in the UK.
Rob Drummond
Multicultural
Urban
British
English
(MUBE) - Refers to the in which
Multicultural
Londen English (MLE) has spread to other
large
cities
in the UK.
Cheshire
et al (2008) - Identified
MLE
, now described as
MUBE.
MLE Vocabulary:
'Bare'
- A lot / very
'Beef'
- disagreement / conflict
'Choong'
- attractive
'Ting'
- girlfriend or thing
MLE Phonology
:
Most noticeable are the
diphthong vowel sounds
of
'face'
and
'like'
which are
pronounced as
/
fes
/ and /
la
:k/
.
MLE Phonology
:
Most noticeable are the
diphthong vowel sounds
of
'face'
and
'like'
which are
pronounced as
/
fes
/ and /
la
:k/
.
MLE Grammar:
Use of
'dem'
as plural marker -
'man dem'
for
'men'
MLE Grammar:
Use of
'dem'
as plural marker -
'man dem'
for
'men'
'Man' to refer to oneself - 'man paid for his own ticket'
MLE Discourse Features:
'Innit'
as a tag question'
'You get me'
as conformation check.
'this is me
' as quotative - "this is me, 'Not much, just playing XBOX'"
Jafaican
- Often used to refer to
MLE.
There is
nothing 'fake'
, and MLE only features a
touch of Jamaican.
Assumptions of colour
- Has been suggested that anything
coined
as
'white'
is not bad like a
'white lie'.
One of the worst
financial crashes
coined
'black Wednesday'
- people will begin to associate
black
with
negativity.
Determinism
vs
Linguistic Relativity
?