1.3 structure of dna and production of proteins

• structure of dna


  double helix

  
• double helix


  sugar phosphate backbone in a twisted shape with base pairs as the ladder rungs

  
• base pairs


  adenine + thymine, guanine + cytosine

  
• nucleotide


  building block of dna or rna made of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

  
• gene


  a section of dna made of hundreds of nucleotides, 1 gene codes for a protein, sequence of bases determine sequence of amino acids which determine protein type

  
• animo acids


  molecules that combine to form proteins

  
• protein


  made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, have different shapes + functions depending on sequence of amino acids

  
• spiraled proteins


  formed when a weak link between amino acids form in a polypeptide chain

  
• enzymes


  biological catalysts made of globular protein folded in a particular way to expose the active site

  
• dna


  makes proteins via mrna, controls structure of enzymes which determines organism's characteristics

  
• mrna


  single helix, made from nucleus

  
• protein synthesis


  dna unzips at gene, mrna joins and makes complimentary copy then separates, leaves through small holes in the nuclear membrane, attaches to ribosome and makes proteins