SOFTWARE ENG (Midterm)

• Collection of stored data that is centrally managed and controlled. - Database
• Database is manage and controlled by a - database management system
• a system software component that is generally purchased - DBMS
• Actual data for the problem domain - application domain data
• contains descriptive information about the application domain data - schema
• it describes the structure and rules for accessing the application domain data - schema data
• collection of steps that help with designing - database design
• main purpose is to produce physical and logical model of designs - database design
• responsibility for the structure and integrity of the data itself - data administrator
• Naming standards - Data standards
• Ownership of data - data use
• Validation rules - data quantity
• maintains the database after it has been deployed - database administrator
• their job is to ensure the database, both data and the DDBMS, is configured correctly - Database administrator
• Database administrator responsibilities:

  • Managing multiple DBMS environment
• organizes stored data into structures called tables or relations - relation database management system
• two dimensional structure composed of rows and columns - table (relation)
• table row represent data - tuple
• each column represents an - attribute
• each intersection of a row and column represents a single data value
• set of attributes - key
• group of attributes that determine the values of other attributes - key
• attributes that uniquely identifiers - Super key
• a super key without any unnecessary attributes - Candidate Key
• Candidate key selected to uniquely identify all other attribute value - Primary Key
• combination of attributes in one table whose value must either match the primary key - Foreign Key
• used to strictly for data retrieval - Secondary Key
• technique by which any update to database is logged with such audit - Transaction logging
• objectives of transaction logging:

  • helps to discourage fraudulent
  • provides recovery mechanism for erroneous transactions
• piece of work that has several steps - transaction
• steps of transaction:

  1. read database
  2. update database
  3. start a timer
  4. accept user purchase information
  5. verify credit and send a charge
  6. post the users payment
  7. permanently update the seat database
  8. update the user information
• apply database lock to protect against lost updates
• only needs to read the data - shared lock
• needs to read and then rewrite the data - exclusive lock/write lock
• application of standard business practices to building software applications - Software development life cycle
• project can be planned and organized - predictive approach
• users needs are not well understood - adaptive approach
• secures approval to develop new system - project initiation
• involves planning organizing and scheduling the project - project planning
• focuses on discovering and understanding the deteail of the problem - analysis