Definition of terms hge

• Alligator cracking


  A series of interconnected of interfaced cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading
• Amplitude


  The height between the trough and the crest of a wave
• Asphatic Concrete


  A layer consisting of properly designed mix od coarse aggregate fine aggregate, a filler and a bituminous binder
• Average speed


  The average of the spot speeds of all vehicles passing a given point in the highway
• Barriers


  Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers
• Base


  The component of the road structure which receives the traffic load and transfer it to the subgrade
• Base courses


  This normally consists of aggregates such as gravel and crushed rock
• Basic capacity


  The max number of passenger cars that can pads a given point on a lane or roadway during one hour under the most nearly ideal roadway and traffic conditions which can possible be attained
• Batching


  Process of proportioning cement, water, aggregates and additives prior to mixing concrete
• Bathymetry


  The physical configuration of the seabed, the measurements of depths of water in the ocean, etc. and also information derived from such measurement
• Beuforts Scale


  An instrument use to measure intensity of wind
• Bitt


  The mooring fitting for mooring ships during a storm installed close to the water line of the berth
• Bitumen carpet


  A 20 mm thick premix bitumen layer over which is laid a seal coat
• Bleeding or flushing


  The exuding of bitumen onto the pavement surface causing a reduction in skid resistance
• Block cracking


  Cracks forming large interconnected polygons, usually with sharp corners or angles. These cracks are generally caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt and/or reflection cracking from underlying layers such as cement treated base
• Blowups


  Localized upward buckling and shattering of the slabs at traverse joins or cracks
• Breakwater


  The structure that protects harbor from stormy waves and permits calm in the harbor
• Braking distance


  Distance traveled by the vehicle after the application of the brakes until it will stop
• Breaking waves


  Waves which fall forward since the forward velocity of the crest particles exceeds the velocity of propagation of the wave itself. In deep water, this normally occurs when the wave length L is less than 7 times the wave height H (L < 7H) and in shallow water when the depth d is approximately equal to 1.25 H
• Breasting dolphins


  Type of dolphins which are designed to take the impact of the ship when docking and to hold the ship against a broadside wind. Therefore, they are provided with fenders to absorbed the impact of the ship and to protect the dolphin and the ship from damage.
• Bollard


  • A vertical post to which the eye of a morring line can be attached
  • The mooring fitting for mooring ships during a storm installed at the outside or outside/inside of the berth far from the waterline
• Broken back curve


  These consist of two curves in the same direction separated by a short tangent
• Bulkhead


  A structure for retaining or to prevent earth or fill from sliding into water
• Capacity


  The maximum sustained 15 min rate of flow, expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane, which can be accommodated by a uniform freeway segment under prevailing traffic and roadway conditions in one direction
• Catch point


  The points at which the cut or fill slopes intersect the existing ground
• Chevron markings


  Markings that are often used to guide traffic into the right turning lanes separated by an island, such as corner island at a signalized intersection
• Circular curves


  These are usually laid out in the field by occupying the tangent to curve point TC with a transit and then establishing successive points by turning deflection angles and measuring chords
• Clapotis


  The pressure against a vertical wall due to waves
• Concrete


  This term refers to any material consisting of a mixture of aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, fastened together by cement
• Compound curve


  These result when two curves of differing radius join one another
• Construction joint


  Joints provided in concrete cement pavement is suspended
• Continously reinforced concrete pavements

  A type of rigid pavement, which has no transverse joints, except construction joints or expansion joints when they are necessary at specific positions such as at bridges. This type of pavement is typically used on high-volume, high-speed roadways
• Cost of borrow


  This is the cost of any material that has to be obtained off job site in order to make a fill
• Crossing conflicts


  This traffic conflict occurs when they cross paths directly
• Cross slope


  These are normally specified in m/m or in percentages. In railway practice, cross slopes may be expressed in millimeters that the high rail is above the low rail, since there is a standard horizontal distance maintained between rails
• Curing


  The process of providing the required water and maintaining a favorable temperature for a period of time after placing concrete
• Cut or excavation


  The existing ground is above the construction section
• Drainage


  Primary consideration in the design of geometric cross sections for highways, runways, and taxi ways
• Deep water waves


  Waves in which the ratio of water depth to the wavelength is greater than 0.5
• Delay


  Difference between the actual travel time and a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that segment