module 1

• Communication. The act of transferring thoughts, information, emotion, ideas, and attitudes from one person to another through gestures, voice and expressions, signs and symbols such as words, pictures, figures, and graphs, etc.
• Eye contact is essential for interpersonal communication as it shows respect and interest. It can be used for initiating and regulating

  conversations. it is particularly important for people who have hearing loss as it aids in lip-reading.
• Gestures can share your emotional state and add emphasis to spoken words. Large hand and arm movements indicate a greater emphasis than smaller gestures. it can add additional information to a message. This can be helpful when giving instructions or directions, especially when there is a limited understanding of the spoken words.
• Body language consists of body movement and posture. it can reveal unintended messages to others. However, these messages can be interpreted differently by listeners. When you cross your arms, you can seem defensive or disinterested. An agitated finger rubbing a surface may indicate anxiety. Certain movements can substitute a verbal message. An example of such substitution is head movements. Nodding or shaking your head indicating ‘yes’ or ‘no’ can replace the spoken words.
• The audience decodes the message. If the message is actually received, the audience then needs to extract your idea from the message, a step known as decoding.
• Cultural noise is a communication barrier created from the wrong explanation of another person’s behaviors. Actually, it is produced due to the wrong meaning of messages; therefore, it is a little similar to semantic noise.
• The Principle of Conciseness states that the message should be conveyed ., in the best shortest possible way. In other words, the message or information should be articulated completely in such a way that it is forwarded to the desired audience or receivers in fewer words or signals. Avoid the use wordy expressions and irrelevant information.
• Unethical communication can distort the truth or manipulate audiences in a variety of ways, such as in the following:

  • Plagiarism

  • Omitting essential information

  • Selective misquoting

  • Misrepresenting numbers

  • Distorting visuals

  • Failing to respect privacy of information security needs