Ucsp Egzaminate

• Self


  A product of social process that emerges from social interactions (socialization & enculturation)
• Socialization


  A long social experience by which people develop their human potential and interest group
• Agents of Socialization

  • Family
  • Friends
  • School
  • Church
• Enculturation


  Processes by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture
• Development of the self (George Herbert Mead)

  1. Mimicking

  2. Play

  3. Game

  4. Generalized other
• Components of self-concept

  • Physical
  • Psychological attributes
• Self-concept can be influenced by the individual's attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas
• Examples of cultural identity

  • Ethnic
  • National
  • Religious
• Norm


  A rule that guides the behavior of members of society or groups
• Normal


  Conform to norms, the act of abiding the rules
• Types of norms

  • Prescriptive (what we should not do)
  • Proscriptive (what we should do)
• Mores


  Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
• Folkways


  Norms for routine and casual interaction
• Values


  Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living
• Ascribed status


  A social position, a received or start like race, Filipino, Teenager, that is involuntarily later in life
• Achieved status


  A social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal identity and effort (e.g. honor student, boxing title, profession)
• Role


  The behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status
• Role set


  A number of roles attached to a single status
• Role strain


  Results from the competing demands of two or more roles that vie for our time and energy
• Deviance


  Behavior that violates expected rules and norms, a nonconformity or a behavior that departs significantly from social expectation
• Five General categories by Robert Merton as classification of people

  • Conformists
  • Ritualists
  • Innovators
  • Retreatists
  • Rebels
• Conformists


  People who Follow the rules of society as narrative for attaining goals
• Ritualists


  Do not believe in the established cultural goals of society but believe in and abide by the means for attaining their goals
• Innovators


  Accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining these goals such as the criminals
• Retreatists


  Reject both the cultural goals and accepted means of attaining those goals
• Rebels


  Not only reject both the cultural goals and accepted means of attaining those goals but they substitute new goals and new means of attaining
• Deviance is divided into two types, formal and informal

  1. Formal Deviance - includes actions that violate enacted laws such as robbery, theft, rape, and other forms of criminality
  2. Informal Deviance - refers the violation to social norms that are not categorized into law such as pricking ones nose, burping loudly, and spitting on the street among others