BOTANY

Cards (85)

  • Botany - the scientific study of plants
  • Botane - pasture or grass
  • Aristotle - Founder of Plant Science; wrote that plant life is lower and less specialized than animal life
  • Theophrastus - Father of Plant Science; Wrote two books which are entitled the History of Plants and Causes of Plants.
  • Plants - multicellular living things that are able to photosynthesise and reproduce
  • Life-span factor of plants
    1. Genetic makeup
    2. Environmental condition
  • Seed Plants - are plants that form seeds; also called as spermatophytes
  • Gymnospermae - seed plants which have seeds but do not have flowers; their seeds are enclosed on a scale-like structure called cones.
  • Angiospermae - seed plants which have both seeds and flowers; their seeds are enclosed in a an enclosed structure called fruit.
  • Two groups or classes of Angiosperms
    1. Monocot
    2. Dicot
  • Monocot - has only one cotyledon in the seeds; long narrow linear leaves with vein parallel to the central vein.
  • Dicot - has two cotyledon; have broad leaves with netted venation.
  • Monocot:
    • One cotyledon
    • Fibrous roots
    • Parallel veins
    • Multiples of 3 flowers
  • Dicot:
    • Two cotyledon
    • Tap roots
    • Netted veins
    • 4 or 5 flowers
  • Seedless Vascular Plants - contains vascular tissues but do not produce flowers or seeds; reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.
  • Nonvascular Plants - also called as bryophytes; lack roots, stems, and leaves (have rhizoid instead).
  • Leaves - lateral outgrowth of the stem; highly effective energy converters.
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • Blade - broad, flat, light harvesting portion of the leaf
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • Midrib - long thickened structure continuation of the petiole up to the end of the leaf.
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • Veins - found in both sides of the midrib; the continuation of vascular tissues.
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • Petiole - cylindrical stalk which attaches the blade to the stem.
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • Stipules - earlike lobe at the base of the petiole.
  • Parts of a Leaf
    • If there is no petiole or stalk, the leaves are called sessile (no petiole).
  • Label the parts of the leaf
    A) Apex
    B) Margin
    C) Veins
    D) Midrib
    E) Base
    F) Petiole
    G) Stipules
    H) Blade
  • Variation of the Leaves: According to Composition
    • Simple - has only one blade
  • Variation of the Leaves: According to Venation
    • Parallel - Monocot
    • Netted - Dicot
  • Stem - plant axis that bears buds and shoots; composed of vascular tissues that conducts water, minerals, and foods to other parts of the plants.
  • Modified Stems
    • Bulb - when cut in half, will show concentric rings.
    • example: onion
  • Modified Stems
    • Clove - bulblike structure that separates into several pieces when broken apart.
    • example: garlic
  • Modified Stems
    • Tuber - either on strings or clusters underneath parent plants.
    • example: potatoes
  • Modified Stems
    • Rhizome - large creeping rootstock or underground stems.
    • example: ginger
  • Modified Stems
    • Runner - also known as Stolons; horizontal, aboveground stems
    • example: strawberries
  • Roots - the organ that lies below the surface of the soil.
  • Types of Roots
    • Tap Root - Dicot; large, central, dominant, very thick, and grows directly downward.
  • Types of Roots
    • Fibrous Root - Monocot; thin, moderately breaching roots growing from the stem.
  • Types of Roots
    • Adventitious Root - on stressful environments; forms on any other plant part other than the root.
  • Types of Roots
    • Aerating Root - roots rising above the ground; has pores for gas exchange
  • Types of Roots
    • Buttress Root - large roots on all sides of a tall or shallowy rooted tree; found in rainforests.
  • Flower - the reproductive structure found in flowering plants.
  • Parts of a Flower
    • Stamen - Male part of the flower