EARTHQUAKES

• The atmosphere contains? : nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water
• Crust: It is the outermost solid layer of Earth which includes the soil and rock that covers Earth's surface
• What are the abundant elements in rocks? : silicon and aluminum
• Moho: it separates the crust from the next layer beneath it.
• Mantle: below of the crust
• Asthenosphere: The upper part of the mantle
• Core: The innermost, much denser or compacted layer because of the weight of all the rocks above it
• Pacific Plate: The largest of the plate
• Convergent boundary: is the area where two plates push against each other
• Fault: is a zone of fracture between two blocks of rock which may be a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers
• Uplift: rising of the Earth's crust
• Subsidence: is the sinking of the Earth's crust
• Thrust: is the sideways movement of rock layers
• Earthquakes: usually occurs where two plates are running into or sliding past each other along faults
• Seismology: Is the study of earthquakes
• Earthquake belt: Is narrow zone on the Earth's surface around which most earthquakes occur
• Pacific Ring of Fire: Most of the world's strongest earthquakes occur
• Hypocenter: is the point within the earth where an earthquake starts
• Epicenter: Is a point on Earth's surface which is directly above the focus
• Seismic waves: Spreads out from the focus and from the epicenter
• Wave: is a push which moves out in all directions
• Surface wave: These are waves that travel at the surface of the Earth
• Body waves: These are waves which travel through Earth's interior
• Push waves: These are waves that travel through all states of matter at an average speed of 8 kilometers per second
• Secondary wave: These are waves that travel through the Earth by displacing rocks at the right angle to their direction of travel
• Tortional wave: It consist of a twisting disturbance throughout the earth
• Seismograph: Is made up of a seismometer, which detects ground vibration, and a recorder which makes vibrations visible on a permanent record
• Photographic seismograph recorder: It has a mirror which reflects a light beam onto a sheet of photographic paper
• Intensity: it refers on its strength
• Magnitude: Is the amount of energy released at the focus of a quake based on the amplitude of seismic waves radiated by the earthquake
• Richter Magnitude Scale: Is developed by Charles Richter