moving quiz

• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  ACTS AS CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE BODY AND COORDINATES BODY ACTIVITIES
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  IMPULSES TRAVEL TO THE NEURONS IN THE BODY TO REACH THE BRAIN
• PARTS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM (DIAGRAM)

  BRAIN

  SPINAL CORD

  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  MADE UP OF NERVES THAT CARRY MESSAGES TO AND FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  THEY WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE RAPID CHANGES IN THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO STIMULI
• TYPES OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  RELAY INFORMATION BETWEEN SKIN, SKELETAL MUSCLES, AND CNS

  CONSCIUSLY CONTROL THIS PATHWAY

  VOLUNTARY
• AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  RELAY INFORMATION FROM CNS TO ORGANS AND (CARDIAC)

  NOT CONSCIOUSLY CONTROL

  INVOLUNTARY
• TYPES OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• AUTONOMIC

  BODY AT REST
• SYMPATHETIC

  FLIGHT AND FIGHT RESPONSE
• NEURONS

  BASIC UNIT STRUCTURE AND CELLS THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES
• NEURON

  IT IS MADE UP OF CELL BODY, DENDRITES, AND AXON
• NEURONS (DIAGRAM)

  DENDRITE

  AXON

  CELL BODY

  MYELIN SHEATH

  NODES OF RANVIER

  AXON TERMINAL
• DENDRITES

  BRANCH-LIKE EXTENSIONS

  RECEIVE IMPULSES AND CARRY THEM OWARD CELL BODY
• AXON

  SINGLE EXTENSION

  CARRY IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY
• THREE TYPES OF NEURONS

  SENSORY NEURONS

  INTERNEURONS

  MOTOR NEURONS
• SENSORY NEURONS

  CARRY IMPULSES INSIDE ND OUTSIDE THE BODY TO BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
• INTERNEURONS

  FOUND WITHIN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

  PROCESS INCOMING IMPULSES AND PASS THEM TO MOTOR NEURONS
• MOTOR NEURONS

  CARRY IMPULSES AWAY FROM BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
• LEAK MEMBRANE CHANNELS

  ALWAYS OPEN AND IONS CAN LEAK ACROSS THE MEMBRANE DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

  THERE ARE 50 TO 100 TIMES MORE K+ LEAK CHANNELS THAN NA+ LEAK CHANNELS

  THE K+ LEAK CHANNELS HAVE THE GREATEST CONTRIBUTION
• HOW IS AN IMPULSE TRANSMITTED

  STIMULUS EXCITES SENSORY NEURON

  DEPOLARIZATION CREATES A WAVE OF CHANGING CHARGES DOWN THE AXON

  IMPULSE MOVE ACROSS SYNAPSE WITH THE HELP OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
• DEPOLARIZATION

  A CHANGE IN CHARGE DUE TO SODIUM IONS
• REFLEXES

  RAPID, PREDICTABLE AND INVOULUNTARY RESPONSE
• REFLEX ARCS

  OCCUR OVER NEURAL PATHWAY INVOLVE CNS AND PNS
• SOMATIC REFLEXES

  INCLUDE ALL REFLEXES THAT STIMULATE THE SKELETAL
• AUTONOMIC REFLEXES

  REGULATE THE ACTIVITY OF SMOOTH MUSCLES, THE HEART, AND GLANDS (SALIVARY AND PUPILLARY REFLEXES)
• DIAGRAM HAND PARTS

  ARM SPINAL NERVE

  CELL BODY

  DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

  DORSAL ROOT

  DORSAL ROOT

  DORSAL HORN

  VENTRAL HORN
• DIAGRAM (HAND)

  SENSORY RECEPTOR

  SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURON

  INTERNEURON

  MOTOR NEURON

  EFFECTOR
• DIAGRAM (LEG)

  RECEPTOR

  SENSORY NEURON

  SPINAL CORD

  MOTOR NEURON

  EFFECTOR
• DIAGRAM (LEG PARTS)

  STIMULUS

  GRAY MATTER
• CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  Neural tube – a simple tube wherein the CNS first appear during embryonic development

  Ventricles – chambers formed by the enlarged four regions of the brain

  Brain – about two good fistfuls of pinkish gray tissue, wrinkled like a walnut and with the texture of cold oatmeal, weighs a little over three pounds.
• CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

  The paired cerebral hemispheres, collectively called the cerebrum

  The paired cerebral hemispheres, collectively called the cerebrum
• SPINAL CORD

  Approximately 17 inches (42 cm) long. Extends from the foramen magnum to the first or second lumbar vertebra. 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
• Cauda equina

  collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal and it looks so much like a horse’s tail.
• Gray Matter of the SC and Spinal Roots

  Looks like a butterfly or the letter H in cross section.

  Two posterior projections are the dorsal/posterior horns; the two anterior projections are the ventral/anterior horns.

  The gray matter surrounds the central canal of the cord, which contains CSF

  Dorsal root ganglion – when damaged, sensation from the body area served will be lost.

  Dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form the spinal nerves.
• Peripheral Nervous System Structure of a Nerve:

  Nerve – a bundle of neuron fibers found outside the CNS.

  Endoneurium – connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber

  Perineurium – coarser connective tissue that wraps groups of fibers (fascicles)

  Epineurium – a tough fibrous sheath that bound all the fascicles together
• Sulci

  shallow grooves
• Fissures

  deeper grooves, separate large regions of the brain
• Longitudinal fissure

  single deep fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres