Binomial Nomenclature

• Binomial Nomenclature - a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages
• International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) - an international codes for animals
• International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) - an international Codes for algae, fungi and plants
• International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) - an international codes for bacteria (including archaea)
• International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) - an international code for viruses
• 5 Binomial nomenclature features

  1. Economy
  2. Widespread use
  3. Clarity
  4. Uniqueness
  5. Stability
• 6 Derivation of binomial names

  1. Latin
  2. Classical Greek
  3. Other Languages
  4. Names of people
  5. Names of places
  6. other sources
• 3 genders of Latin

  1. Masculine
  2. Feminine
  3. Neuter
• 4 Principles of ICZN

  1. Principle of binomial nomenclature
  2. Principle of priority
  3. Principle of homonymy
  4. Principle of typification
• Economy - a binomial nomenclature featured that Compared to the polynomial system which it replaced, a binomial name is shorter and easier to remember.
• Widespread use - a binomial nomenclature featured that governed by international codes and is used by biologists worldwide
• Clarity - a binomial nomenclature featured that Binomial names avoid the confusion that can be created when attempting to use common names to refer to a species
• Uniqueness - a binomial nomenclature featured that It can have only one name that is correct under the appropriate nomenclature code, generally the earliest published if two or more names are accidentally assigned to a species, particularly if the species was named by biologists from different countries
• Stability -a binomial nomenclature featured that The principle of priority tend to favor stability
• Principle of binomial nomenclature - a princple of ICZN that The scientific name is a combination

  of two names, the genus and the species
• Principle of priority - a princple of ICZN that The correct formal scientific name for an animal taxon, the valid name, correct to use, is the oldest available name that

  applies to it.
• Principle of homonymy - a princple of ICZN that The name of each taxon must be unique
• Principle of typification - a princple of ICZN that In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.
• Paratype - Under principle of typification that there may still be additional specimens listed in the type series
• Allotype - Under principle of typification that specimen of the opposite sex to the holotype, designated from among paratypes
• Neotype - Under principle of typification that A specimen later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed or where the original author never cited a specimen
• Syntype - Under principle of typification that Any one of two or more specimens that is listed in a species description where no holotype was designated.
• Lectotype - Under principle of typification that A specimen later selected to serve as the single type specimen for species originally described from a set of syntypes.
• Turdus migratorius - a robin bird that called by the English speaking north america
• Erithacus rubecula - a robin bird that called by english-speaking in Europe
• Homo - Human/man
• Sapiens - wise
• genus rhodendron - named by Linnaeus from the Greek work, Rhodos - rose and Dendron - tree.
• Tarkhi - meaning brain
• Calponia harrisonfordi - a spider name for Harrison ford who portrays Han Solo in Star wars
• Sauchania - means beautiful one
• Sp - means an unspecified species
• Spp - plural, means two or more species of a genus
• Cf - confer in latin, is used to compare individuals/taxa with known described species
• Holotype - Under principle of typification that When a single specimen is clearly designated in the original description