Module 3

• Dilemma


  A dilemma is a difficult situation in which an individual is confronted to

  choose between two or more alternative actions to resolve the problem.
• Types of Dilemma

  • Classic Dilemmas
  • Temporal Dilemmas
  • Orthogonal Dilemmas
  • Sequential Dilemmas
  • Unequal Dilemma
• Classic Dilemmas


  There are conflicting criteria for the same behavior. While the blend may

  be difficult, it is essential.
• Temporal Dilemmas


  A special case of a classic dilemma occurs with an activity which is complex enough to be a work process or a project.
• Orthogonal Dilemmas


  They generate different cultures, different structures, different staffing. While there may be a could here hybrid that is preferable, the blending is optional, a company could be viable exploiting just one half of the dilemma.
• Sequential Dilemmas


  Different behaviors which conflict with each other, but the most likely solution is to sequence them appropriately; the tension in the dilemma eventually becomes one of relative emphasis, timing, and transitioning.
• The key strategies for sequential dilemmas are:

  1. Proportion of time to spend in each
  2. 2. Sequencing of the activities through transitioning
• Unequal Dilemma


  Sometimes a person in authority will assert one side of a dilemma. Only one side of the dilemma receives attention.
• Moral Dilemma


  defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it produces. Many times, these dilemmas involve a morally wrong decision that produces a desirable result, or vice versa.
• Types of Moral Dilemma

  • Personal Dilemma
  • Organizational Dilemma
  • Systematic Dilemma
• Foundation of Morality: Freedom as Requisite on Moral Responsibility

  KANT

  SAINT AUGUSTINE

  Gorbachev

  Quito
• Freedom


  such as the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint, "we do have some freedom of choice."
• freedom

  in politics, consists of the social, political, and economic freedoms to which all community members are entitled.
• freedom in philosophy


  freedom involves free will as contrasted with determinism.
• KANT claim


  freedom is the source of all value-that it is intrinsically valuable, and that other valuable things must not merely be compatible with freedom but actually derive their value from the value of freedom.
• SAINT AUGUSTINE


  He showed that humans are free physically, yet bound to obey the law.
• Gorbachev


  in his time asserted that the principle of freedom is a must.
• Quito


  He explains that no ethics is likewise possible without human freedom.
• Reason and Impartiality: Requisites for Morality


  Impartiality indeed is a good value. It is on this principle that morality is an opportunity for everybody to lead their lives accordingly which is inconformity to ethical norms.
• Immanuel Kant


  He argued that "morality was based on reason alone, and once we understood it, we would see that acting morally is the same as acting rationally."
• IMPARTIALITY


  is a principle of justice holding that decisions or judgment on something or someone should be objective not on the basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.
• Personal Dilemma


  These are situations in which an individual has a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion. Personal ethical guidelines can provide no satisfactory outcome for the chooser.
• Organizational Dilemma


  Principals and standards by which businesses operate, according to Reference for Business. They are best demonstrated through acts of fairness, compassion, integrity, honor and responsibility
• Systematic Dilemma


  The process of systematic moral analysis is predicated on moral rule violations, which result in harm to another person or persons.