21st LT

• Queer Theory


  (as literary criticism) interprets and critiques the representation of LGBTQIA++ identities and themes in literature, often challenging heteronormative perspective and binary categorization of gender and sexuality
• Teresa De Lauretis

  • Italian-American scholar known for her contributions to feminist theory, and queer theory
  • Believes "Queer" is an umbrella term for all other genders, and that, they can be studied as one entity
• DepEd issued an order to protect children from violence, abuse, and exploitations regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity
• Members of LGBTQ+ community are still subject to discrimination
• The issue about LGBTQ++ is not being discussed in a broader sense or in the classroom
• Difficulties faced by LGBTQ++

  • Lack of employment opportunities
  • Prejudice when accessing health care
  • Housing
  • Education
• In the Philippines, there is no national law that recognizes LGBTQ rights but many local government units have ordinances that go against LGBTQ discrimination
• In Mandaluyong, ordinances prohibit discriminatory acts such as denying/limiting employment-related access, denying access to public programs, refusing admission, expelling student due to their SOGIE, verbal/written abuse, unjust detention
• Crossing gender and transvestism were cultural, exemplified by babaylans
• Babaylan


  • Precolonial priestesses in the Philippines, ancient expression of queerness
• babaylans

  Filipino shamans who had the ability to mediate with the spirit world
• L. Lacambra Ypil

  • Cebuano, award-winning poet and essayist whose work explores the intersection of text and image, and the role of material culture in the construction of cultural identity
• Two boys reading books together

  Reminds the poet of a nostalgic feeling, a sense of innocence and intimacy through intellectual connection
• The love of books

  Suggests a sense of equality, not judging or pressuring to conform to fixed gender roles and expectations
• the practice of dressing in clothes primarily associated with the other sex is called transvestism.
• Transsexuality refers to individuals who have undergone medical procedures such as hormonal treatments and surgeries to change their physical appearance into that which matches their preferred gender identity.
• love between two men

  means: same sex love
• entwined

  means: closely connected
• mean we close our eyes when no one's looking close

  means: they have to stop themselves from sin
• returning always to this picture

  means: something that reminds him of the past.. a nostalgic feeling
• who dont know well each other yet

  means: innocence
• but choose to read two books together under the same lamp

  means: sense of intimacy through intellectual connection; together
• who'll turn the page at just exactly the same moment

  means: suggests a sense of equality
• says bless

  me father for ive sinned

  means: confessing
• its wrong to end another brother's sentences

  means: do not judge

  the pressure to conform to fixed gender roles and expectations
• its time to turn it off; the light, the lamp

  means: to stop what heart really feels; pigilin
• the book that's still not done, that's left half-opened face to face.

  means: the story hasnt ended yet.
• what cant be said by hand when we're not reading.

  means: connecting themselves in a way they understand each others choose not to.
• • Biological male who became priestess is called Asog
• Bayuk/bayugin/bayogin

  a man who is cowardly and is commonly said to dress in women's

  clothes or a skirt; effeminate; sissy; coward