defintions

• Breathing/pulmonary ventilation


  Physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
• External respiration


  Gaseous exchange between the lungs and pulmonary capillaries

  
• Internal respiration


  Gaseous exchange between systemic capillaries and tissues

  
• Cellular respiration


  ATP production via oxidation of food, mainly glucose
• Pulmonary volume


  Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during breathing

  
• Pulmonary capacity


  Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled after a deep breath

  
• Minute ventilation (VE)


  Total volume of air breathed per minute
• Tidal volume (VT)


  Volume of each breath
• Respiratory frequency (f)


  Number of breaths per minute
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)


  Volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled beyond normal tidal inspiration (measure of compliance)
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)


  Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond normal tidal expiration (measure of elasticity)
• Residual volume (RV)


  Volume of air left in the lungs after the most forceful expiration

  
• Inspiratory capacity


  Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration
• Functional residual capacity


  Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

  
• Vital capacity


  Volume of air expelled from the lungs during a maximal forced expiration starting after a maximal forced inspiration
• Total lung capacity


  Maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold, sum of all volumes including residual volume

  
• Alveolar ventilation (VA)


  Amount of air per minute that reaches the alveoli and becomes involved in gas exchange

  
• Anatomic dead-space


  Conducting airways where gas exchange does not occur, important in thermoregulation
• Alveolar dead-space


  Alveoli poorly perfused with blood, gas exchange is impaired

  
• Physiologic dead-space


  Sum of anatomic and alveolar dead-space