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• Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)


  Describes the behavior of particles in matter and their interactions
• The behavior of gas molecules in a balloon as it is heated

  • Illustrates a real-world application of the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
• Kinetic Molecular Theory


  • Gases are tiny particles in constant, random motion
• Temperature


  The primary factor influencing the speed of gas particles
• As temperature increases


  The kinetic energy of gas particles also increases, leading to higher speeds of particle motion
• Temperature


  Directly related to the average kinetic energy of gas particles
• Robert Boyle


  The English scientist who made accurate observations on how pressure and volume are related
• Boyle's Law


  When the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases, provided the temperature remains constant
• Scuba diver descending to greater depths in the ocean

  • Pressure exerted by the water increases with depth, resulting in a decrease in volume of the air in the scuba tank and an increase in pressure inside the tank
• As the temperature of a gas increases

  The pressure exerted by the gas also increases
• Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)


  Gas particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container
• As the temperature increases

  The kinetic energy of the gas particles also increases, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions between the gas particles themselves and with the walls of the container, resulting in an increase in pressure exerted by the gas
• Charles' Law


  The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure and amount of gas are kept constant
• If the temperature of a gas sample is decreased from 100°C to 50°C while keeping the volume constant, according to Charles' Law, the pressure of the gas would remain constant
• Charles's Law


  The variable that remains constant is pressure
• Charles's Law


  When the temperature of a gas increases at constant pressure, its volume also increases
• Charles's Law


  When the pressure of a gas is kept constant, its volume is directly proportional to its temperature
• When the temperature of the gas in a closed container is increased while the pressure remains constant


  According to Charles's Law, the volume of the gas will increase
• Charles's Law


  Explains the behavior of gases when temperature increases by stating that "gas molecules move faster"
• Charles's Law, as well as other gas laws, typically employs the Kelvin temperature scale because the Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale, where 0 Kelvin represents absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature where particles cease all motion
• Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)


  Describes the behavior of gases in terms of the motion and interaction of particles
• Solving a problem using Boyle's Law

  1. Pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional when temperature and the amount of gas are kept constant

  2. Given: A gas sample is compressed to one-fourth of its original volume, and the initial pressure was 6 atm. Find the final pressure of the gas, assuming constant temperature.

  3. Solution: Final pressure = 1.5 atm
• Boyle's Law


  When the temperature of a gas is constant, its volume is inversely proportional to its pressure
• Boyle's Law


  Focuses on the relationship between volume and pressure
• If the volume of a gas decreases


  Its pressure will increase
• If the pressure of a gas is doubled while keeping the temperature constant

  According to Boyle's Law, its volume will be halved
• Boyle's Law


  Explains the behavior of gases when volume decreases by stating that "gas molecules collide with each other more frequently"