Biomolecules

• Biomolecules


  these are organic molecules produced by living organisms which consist mainly of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
• Element Content of: 1. Carbohydrate = CHO

  2. Protein = CHONS

  3. Lipids = CHO

  4. Nucleic Acid = CHONP
• Example of Carbohydrate

  polysaccharide
• Example of Protein

  polypeptide
• Example of Lipids

  triglyceride
• Example of Nucleic Acid

  DNA/RNA
• Building Blocks of Carbohydrate

  monosaccharide
• Building Blocks of Protein

  amino acid
• Building Blocks of Lipids

  glycerol and fatty acids
• Building Blocks of Nucleic Acid

  nucleotide
• Carbohydrates


  the most abundant biomolecules, and are known to be the chief source of energy for almost all living organisms.
• Monosaccharide


  also called as single sugar
• Glucose


  sweet wine, grape sugar, blood sugar, dextrose
• Fructose


  sweetest from among all sugar
• Galactose


  Does not occur free in nature.
• Disaccharide


  it has two linked sugar molecules
• Sucrose


  table sugar, glucose and fructose
• Lactose


  milk sugar, glucose and galactose
• Maltose


  malt sugar, glucose and glucose
• Polysaccharide


  it has many linked sugar molecules
• Starch


  stored carbohydrates in plants
• Cellulose


  major component of plant's rigid cell wall
• Glycogen


  stored carbohydrates in humans and animals.
• Lipids


  these are generally insoluble in water, thus, they are considered as hydrophobic.
• Triglycerides


  are triesters of of fatty acids with glycerol.
• Steroids


  it is produced by the liver to meet our body's needs/
• Phospholipids 


  a major component of cell membrane.
• Nucleic Acid


  it serves as the blueprint of life and are responsible for encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic information.
• DNA


  a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all modern living organisms.
• RNA


  are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information